Lime peel contains essential oils are used as anti-oxidants or anti-cancer compounds. As a traditional medicine, lime has been widely used as a substitute for antibiotics. This study aimed to identify active compounds in peel extracts from Citrus aurantifolia that grows in Indonesia. Extraction was carried out by maceration using three different solvents: ethyl acetate, chloroform, and n-hexane. The extracts were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results showed that lime peel contained many important compounds and that 28, 27, and 24 different chemical compounds, both minor and major constituents, were extracted by ethyl acetate, chloroform, and n-hexane, respectively. Four compounds were found in all three solvent extracts, namely, D-limonene, phytol, α-tocopherol, and 5, 7-dimethoxycoumarin. Forty-seven compounds were uniquely present in one solvent, including 17 in ethyl acetate, 17 in chloroform, and 13 in n-hexane. Among the active compounds extracted, several are of biological importance, for example, stigmasterol, D-limonene, Vitamin E, and α-tocopherol. It can be concluded that a variety of distinct compounds are extracted from the same lime peel sample when different solvents are used and that some of these are bioactive compounds with anti-oxidant, anti-microbial, or anti-cancer properties.
The research aimed to evaluate the film membrane of Nano Chitosan Resveratrol (NCHR) for biological, physicochemical, and antibacterial properties. Psychochemically, the functional groups of chitosan compounds were examined by FTIR, chemical compounds by GCMS, and the morphology of chitosan and chemical elements by SEM-EDS. Biologically, the characteristics of NCHR were examined by solubility, swelling, permeability, and biodegradation tests. Meanwhile, the antibacterial properties were examined for inhibition of Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) ATCC 33277 by Minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) and growth assessment by spectrophotometry. Nano Chitosan (NCH) has appeared at 1033.85 cm-1 as a sharp peak indicating the P=O group and contains anti-toxicity compounds (Ethane, 1,1-diethoxy- (CAS) 1,1-Diethoxye) is 81.06% and antioxidant compounds Limonene is (1.28%). In addition, NCH has chemical elements, Oxygen Weight (69.4%), calcium (19.7%), magnesium (6.6%), and phosphorus (4.3%). NaCl 0.9%, PBS, and Aquades. In addition, it has an excellent index of water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) in all solvents (R2³ 0.95). The NCHR membrane film is bacteriostatic (≤ 300 CFU/mL) with each value of Minimal Inhibition Concentration (MIC) >15 mm. The Nano chitosan contains antitoxic, antioxidant, and antibacterial compounds with high oxygen elements. The film membrane of nano chitosan resveratrol can maintain the stability of changes in pH with a very high solubility index, swelling index, and WVTR index, as well as good biodegradation and antibacterial properties. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2023-07-03-012 Full Text: PDF
Background: Ant-nest (Myrmecodia pendans) is an epiphytic plant that can prevent several diseases, including bacterial infections. Diarrhea is caused by Escherichia coli bacteria, while infections in the oral cavity can be caused by Enterococcus faecalis bacteria. Antibacterial activity is also influenced by conditions of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). Antioxidants are needed to inhibit the formation of excess ROS in the body. Superoxide anion radicals are included in the generation of ROS, which are produced by several enzymes, such as nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase or commonly known as Nox and xanthine oxidase (XO). Background: Ant-nest (Myrmecodia pendans) is an epiphytic plant that can prevent several diseases, including bacterial infections. Diarrhea is caused by Escherichia coli bacteria, while infections in the oral cavity can be caused by Enterococcus faecalis bacteria. Antibacterial activity is also influenced by conditions of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). Antioxidants are needed to inhibit the formation of excess ROS in the body. Superoxide anion radicals are included in the generation of ROS, which are produced by several enzymes, such as nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase or commonly known as Nox and xanthine oxidase (XO). Objective: This study aimed to determine the potential of M. pendans as an antibacterial in vitro and in silico correlation in the formation of superoxide anion radicals. objective: To determine the potential of M. pendans as an antibacterial in vitro and in silico correlation in the formation of superoxide anion radicals. Methods and Materials: The compounds were obtained by column chromatography method, followed by a spectroscopic examination. In vitro test using the disc diffusion method and in silico test using AutoDock 4.2 program were conducted with positive control fosfomycin and allopurinol, tethered to MurA, Nox, and XO enzymes, and visualized using the Discovery Studio 2020. Results: Compound 1 (oleanolic acid ) and compound 2 (pomolic acid) demonstrated antibacterial activity against E.coli but no activity against E. faecalis. Compound 3 (acid-3-hydroxy-eupan-20,24-dien-26-oic) demonstrated no activity against these two bacteria. Based on the in silico results, compound 3 had the best binding energy affinity for all MurA, Nox, and XO enzymes of -6.89, -9.35, and -9.75 Kcal/mol, respectively. Similarly, compounds 1 and 2 had good binding energies for Nox protein of -9.29 Kcal/mol and -6.54 Kcal/mol and XO of -7.66 and -4.7 Kcal/mol, respectively. Conclusion: In vitro results against E.coli and E. faecalis bacteria showed inhibition by compounds 1 and 2 but not by compound 3. Meanwhile, in in silico analysis, all the compounds showed potential as an inhibitor of superoxide anion radicals generated by enzymes Nox and XO. conclusion: In vitro results against E.coli and E. faecalis bacteria showed inhibition by compounds 1 and 2, but not by compound 3. Meanwhile, based on the results of in silico data, compounds 1-3 had the potential to inhibit superoxide radicals. anions to the enzymes Nox and XO. other: -
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