Background Most family caregivers of stroke patients in Malaysia do not receive adequate prior preparation or training. This study aimed to determine levels of patient positioning knowledge and caregiving self-efficacy among caregivers of stroke patients. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted at an urban teaching hospital involving 128 caregivers of stroke patients. The caregivers were conveniently sampled and completed the data collection forms, which comprised their socio-demographic data, patients' functional status, the Caregiving Knowledge For Stroke Questionnaire: Patient Positioning (CKQ-My© Patient Positioning) to measure caregiver's knowledge on patient positioning, and the Family Caregiver Activation Tool (FCAT©) to measure caregivers' self-efficacy in managing the patient. Descriptive and multivariate inferential statistics were used for data analysis. Results Among the caregivers sampled, 87.3% had poor knowledge of positioning (mean score 14.9 ± 4.32). The mean score for FCAT was 49.7 ± 6.0 from a scale of 10 to 60. There was no significant association between knowledge on positioning and self-efficacy. Multiple linear regression showed that caregivers' age (B = 0.146, p = 0.003) and caregiver training (B = 3.302, p = 0.007) were independently associated with caregivers' self-efficacy. Conclusion Caregivers' knowledge on the positioning of stroke patients was poor, despite a fairly good level of self-efficacy. Older caregivers and receiving caregiver training were independently associated with better caregiver self-efficacy. This supports the provision of caregiver training to improve caregiver self-efficacy.

Aim:The majority of caregivers for stroke patients in Malaysia are informal caregivers, although there are no valid tools to measure their knowledge regarding caregiving. Therefore, this study validated the Caregiving Knowledge Questionnaire (CKQ-My) as an assessment of Malaysian stroke caregivers' knowledge regarding patient positioning and feeding.Methods:Back-to-back translation was used to produce a bilingual version of the questionnaire. Hand drawings were used to replace photographs from the original questionnaire. Face validity and content validity were assessed, and construct validity was determined by comparing responses from informal caregivers, medical students, and primary care doctors. Finally, the internal consistencies of the subscales were determined.Results:Pretesting showed that the translated version was sufficiently easy to understand. Internal consistency for the positioning subscale (28 items, Cronbach's α = 0.70) and feeding subscale (15 items, Cronbach's α = 0.70) was good. Mean scores for the positioning subscale for caregivers (mean: 17.1 ± 3.9), medical students (mean: 18.9 ± 3.1), and doctors (mean 21.5 ± 2.2) were significantly different (F = 5.28, P ' = 0.011). Mean scores for the feeding subscale for caregivers (mean 13.1 ± 2.5), medical students (mean 16.1 ± 1.9), and doctors (mean 16.1 ± 2.4) also differed significantly (F = 6.217, P = 0.006).Conclusions:CKQ-My has good internal consistency and construct validity for the subscales measuring stroke caregivers' knowledge about positioning and feeding of stroke patients. It has potential as an assessment of effectiveness of caregiver training and for future studies on long-term stroke outcomes in Malaysia.

Hypertension is a degenerative disease that greatly affects a person's productivity and quality of life, is a silent killer with the highest prevalence rate in Indonesia. Untreated hypertension will cause complications. This study aims to determine the level of knowledge and cultural background factors on the health maintenance of hypertension patients in Bengkalis Regency in 2021. This type of research is quantitative analytic with a cross sectional design. The total population in this study was 5,938 with a total sample of 101 obtained using purposive sampling. The instrument in this study used a questionnaire used in the form of a google form. The data obtained in this study were analyzed by bivariate analysis. The results showed that there was no correlation between knowledge level factors (p=0.828) and cultural background factors (p=0.001) on health care for hypertension sufferers and the most dominant cultural background factors related to health care for hypertension sufferers (p=0.001). Keywords: Knowledge Level, Cultural Background, Health Care, Hypertension.

Keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja di fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan merupakan salah satu upaya perlindungan terhadap tenaga kerja. Pada beberapa instansi kesehatan yang berada di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Banguntapan III, masih ditemukan beberapa permasalahan seperti penggunaan Alat Pelindung Diri (APD) dalam bekerja yang tidak lengkap serta tidak adanya media promosi keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja.  Masih kurangnya pengetahuan tentang pentingnya penerapan budaya keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja di beberapa instansi kesehatan membuat para pekerja tidak begitu memperhatikan aspek tersebut dan dapat menyebabkan terjadinya kecelakaan kerja. Untuk menanggulangi hal tersebut dilakukan intervensi ke beberapa instansi kesehatan. Tujuannya yaitu untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan pekerja tentang keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja di fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan, serta mengurangi risiko terjadinya kecelakaan kerja di tempat kerja. Metode yang digunakan yaitu pemberian  media promosi keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja berupa poster dan leaflet, serta penyuluhan yang dilaksanakan dari tanggal 29 Januari sampai 27 Februari 2020. Hasil dari kegiatan tersebut yaitu pekerja menerima poster untuk dipasang di dinding dan leaflet untuk mereka baca, dan selain  itu pekerja memiliki pengetahuan yang belum mereka ketahui sebelumnya tentang Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja. Dampak program ini adalah pekerja telah sadar menggunakan APD dengan lengkap ketika bekerja.