Fenomena kekerasan dalam rumah tangga mengalami peningkatan dari segi kuantitas dan kualitas, sehingga membutuhkan perhatian yang lebih serius. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis faktor yang menyebabkan terjadinya tindak pidana kekerasan dalam rumah tangga, serta upaya penanggulangannya di Kota Makassar. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif dengan jenis penelitian yuridis empiris yang berlokasi di Kota Makassar. Penelitian ini menggunakan data primer dan data sekunder, teknik pengumpulan data studi kepustakaan dan wawancara, kemudian dianalisis secara kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor penyebab terjadinya kekerasan dalam rumah tangga di Kota Makassar adalah penegakan hukum, rendahnya kesadaran hukum, masih kuatnya budaya patriarki, kondisi ekonomi/kemiskinan, lingkungan sosial, dan kebiasaan minuman keras. Upaya penanggulangan kekerasan dalam rumah tangga di Kota Makassar menempuh upaya preemtif, preventif, dan represif.

Recent researches show the importance of informal social control on crime prevention, especially in cities. This research focuses on crime prevention through informal control by looking at the level of collective efficacy of housing residents. Collective efficacy, is the willingness of citizens to intervene for the common good in the surrounding environment to prevent crime in the community. This study aims to describe the collective efficacy of citizens in the housing complexes and public housing in the City of Makassar. This research uses descriptive statistical analysis. There were 480 respondents taken as samples among housing residents. This study found that the level of collective efficacy of housing residents is generally. There is no difference of collective efficacy between the residents of public housing and those of housing complexes. This causes informal social control unable to prevent crime, which tends to increase from year to year in the City of Makassar.

The presence of children who live on the streets has caused concern in various cities in Indonesia, especially Makassar, South Sulawesi. Lack of education, decent life, and government attention trigger street children to do unlawful acts, such as drugs and drinking. From a criminological perspective, the phenomenon of street children can be explained using the social learning theory. Social learning theory is a convergence between differential association theory with general behavioural principles, which in this theory explains that criminal behaviour can be obtained from environmental influences. There is a reciprocal interaction that directs a person’s behaviour. This study aims to determine the description of street children’s existence in the city of Makassar, analyse the factors that cause the phenomenon of street children, and determine the prevention of street children. The research method uses a type of qualitative research sourced from the various scientific literature. This study indicates that the phenomenon of street children is a warning signalling the need for social development and poverty eradication policies to improve the situation on the broader community and prevent more young people from becoming marginalised. Every child must be protected according to United Nations Children’s Fund and also has been regulated in Regional Regulation No. 2 of 2008 concerning the Development of Street Children, Homeless, Beggars and Buskers in Makassar City