Wakatobi Islands is the largest seaweed production center in Southeast Sulawesi. Seaweed needs to be developed into of high economic value products. An antibacterial hand sanitizer gel formulation was carried out containing a combination of Eucheuma spinosum and Eucheuma cottonii seaweed extract. The aims of the study are accepting a combination of hand sanitizer gel formulation which have antibacterial activity. Seaweed was extracted by maceration method using methanol as a solvent. The combination of extracts at concentrations of 1%, 2%, 4%, and 8% with a ratio of 1: 1 determined the MIC  and  MBC against Staphylocccus aureus and Escherichia coli using dilution method. The combination of extracts that can kill bacteria is formulated into a hand sanitizer gel preparation using a carbopol as base of gel by mechanical dispersion method. Gel is characterized by organoleptics and pH. Antibacterial activity of gel against the bacteria S. aureus and E. coli using the dilution method. The results obtained by the MIC value for S. aureus bacteria is 2% and for E. coli bacteria is 4%. MBC value of the combination of extracts against S. aureus and E. coli bacteria was 4%. Gel preparations were obtained in the form of semisolid, green, clear, green tea scent, and pH 6.3 and 5.7. It was concluded that hand sanitzer gel with a concentration of 4% had bactericidal activity againts E. coli and S. aureus. Keywords: Antibacterial, hand sanitizer gel, seaweed, Wakatobi.ABSTRAKKepulauan Wakatobi merupakan sentra penghasil rumput laut terbesar di Sulawesi Tenggara. Rumput laut perlu dikembangkan menjadi produk yang bernilai ekonomi tinggi. Telah dilakukan formulasi sediaan gel antibakteri hand sanitizer yang mengandung kombinasi ekstrak rumput laut Eucheuma spinosum dan Eucheuma cottonii. Penelitian ini bertujuan memperoleh sediaan kombinasi gel hand sanitizer yang memiliki aktivitas antibakteri. Rumput laut diekstraksi dengan metode maserasi menggunakan pelarut metanol. Kombinasi ekstrak pada konsentrasi 1%, 2%, 4%, dan 8% dengan perbandingan 1:1 ditentukan KHM dan KBM-nya terhadap bakteri Staphylocccus aureus dan Escherichia coli menggunakan metode dilusi. Kombinasi ekstrak yang dapat membunuh bakteri selanjutnya diformulasi menjadi sediaan gel hand sanitizer dengan basis karbopol menggunakan metode dispersi mekanik. Sediaan gel dikarakterisasi organoleptik dan pH-nya. Serta diuji aktivitasnya terhadap bakteri S. aureus dan E. coli menggunakan metode dilusi. Diperoleh hasil nilai KHM terhadap bakteri S. aureus adalah 2% dan terhadap bakteri E. coli adalah 4%. Nilai KBM kombinasi ekstrak terhadap bakteri S. aureus dan E. coli adalah 4%. Sediaan gel diperoleh dengan bentuk semipadat, warna hijau, bening, beraroma pewangi green tea, serta pH 6,3 dan 5,7. Disimpulkan bahwa sediaan gel hand sanitizer dengan konsentrasi ekstrak 4% memiliki aktivitas bakterisidal atau dapat membunuh bakteri E. coli dan S. aureus.Kata kunci: Antibakteri, Gel hand sanitizer, Rumput laut, Wakatobi.

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Background: Eucheuma spinosum seaweed contain flavonoid, triterpenoid, alkaloids and polyphenol which has been widely used in antibacterial activity. Purpose(s):The aim of the research are to determine antibacterial activities of metanol extracts of E. spinosum against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and Escherichia coli ATCC 25922; to formulate hand wash of seaweed of methanol extract E. spinosum that has antibacterial activity and has physical and chemical stability. Methods: Seaweed E.spinosum methanol extract was derived by maceration method. Antibacterial activities of the extract were tested by liquid dilution and solid dilution method. Hand wash was formulated by mechanical dissolved methods. Antibacterial activity of hand wash were tested by liquid dilution and solid dilution method. Physical and chemical stabilities were conducted by cycling test. Results:. These were showed through minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ethanol extracts of E. spinosum against S. aureus ATCC 25923 at concentrations of 6% and E. coli ATCC 25922 at concentrations of 6%. The minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of ethanol extracts of E. spinosum against S. aureus ATCC 25923 at concentrations of 8% and E. coli ATCC 25922 at concentrations of 8%. Formulation of hand wash seaweed E. spinosum methanol extract at concentrations of 8% and 10%. The test of stabilities results of hand wash changes were organoleptic, viscosity, pH, and foaming ability were accordance to qualified standard. The antibacterial activity of hand wash contains seaweed E. spinosum methanol extract at concentration of  8% and 10% have bactericidal activity againts S. aureus ATCC 25923 and E. coli ATCC 25922. Conclusion: Overall, these results suggested that formula of hand wash contains E. spinosum metanol extracts have antibacterial properties against S. aureus ATCC 25923 and E. coli ATCC 25922.Keywords: antibacterial, Eucheuma spinosum, hand wash, physical and chemical stability Latar Belakang: Rumput laut Eucheuma spinosum mengandung flavonoid, triterpenoid, alkaloid, dan polifenol yang memiliki aktivitas antibakteri. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak metanol E. spinosum terhadap Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and Escherichia coli ATCC 25922; membuat sediaan sabun cuci tangan dari ekstrak metanol E. spinosum yang memiliki aktivitas antibakteri dan stabil secara fisika dan kimia. Metode: Ekstrak metanol E. spinosum diperoleh dengan metode maserasi. Uji aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak dilakukan dengan metode dilusi cair dan dilusi padat. Sabun cuci tangan diformulasi dengan metode pencampuran mekanik. Uji aktivitas antibakteri sabun cuci tangan dilakukan dengan metode dilusi cair dan dilusi padat. Uji stabilitas fisika kimia dilakukan dengan metodecycling test. Hasil: Konsentrsi Hambat Minimum (KHM) ekstrak metanol E. spinosum terhadap S. aureus ATCC 25923 adalah 6% dan terhadap E. coli ATCC 25922 adalah 8%. Ekstrak metanol E. spinosum dapat diformulasi menjadi sabun cuci tangan dengan konsentrasi 8% dan 10%. Uji stabilitas menunjukkan bahwa perubahan organoleptik, viskositas, pH, dan kemampuan membentuk busa masih berada dalam nilai yang dipersyaratkan. Uji aktivitas antibakteri sabun cuci tangan yang mengandung ekstrak metanol E. spinosum dengan konsentrasi 8% dan 10% memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap ATCC 25923 and E. coli ATCC 25922. Simpulan: Formula sabu cuci tangan yang mengandung ekstrak metanol E. spinosum memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap ATCC 25923 and E. coli ATCC 25922.Kata kunci: antibakteri, Eucheuma spinosum, sabun cuci tangan, stabilitas fisika kimia

Objective: This objective of this research was to study in vitro antimalarial activity of chloroform, n-butanol, and ethyl acetate fractions of ethanol extracts of Carthamus tinctorius Linn. flowers from Asteraceae family which empirically been used as traditional medication by people in South Sulawesi to heal measles. Methods:Fractionation was conducted using chloroform, n-butanol, and ethyl acetate. Determination of antimalarial activity was performed by in vitro test using the 24-well microplate and the candle-jar method. Breeding is done in a petri-dish and done aseptically. Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 culture obtained from frozen deposits in-thawing and bread from Pharmacy Laboratory of Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia. Blood sample with a density of over 2000 was employed. Serial decreasing concentrations of the crude extract of chloroform, butanol, and ethyl acetate fraction were tested for antimalarial activity. The following concentrations were used; 100; 10; 1.0; 0.1; and 0.01 (mg/mL). Negative controls used dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) diluted in the same manner as diluting materials above test, to obtain final DMSO concentration is not more than 0.5%. Mixture and suspension test parasites (= test preparation) are then inserted into the candle-jar and incubated in a CO2 incubator at a temperature of 37°C for 48 h. After incubation for 48 h made a thin blood smear on glass object. Smear dried at room temperature, fixed with methanol, then, once dry stained with Giemsa and counted under a microscope parasitemianya with 1000 times magnification. Calculations performed on 5000's erythrocytes. Results:Results showed that chloroform and n-butanol fraction cannot inhibit parasitemia >50%, but ethyl acetate fraction can inhibit parasitemia >50% with the highest inhibition at 100 µg/mL of 94.48%. Conclusion:Ethyl acetate fraction is highly active as antimalarial with an IC 50 of 1.25 µg/mL.

Bunga Kasumba turate (Carthamus tinctorius Linn) dari suku Asteraceae merupakan tumbuhan obat tradisional etnis Sulawesi Selatan yang secara empiris digunakan dalam pengobatan campak. Ekstrak etanol dari kasumba turate memberikan peningkatan aktivitas imunoglobulin G (IgG) dan  aktivitas imunoglobulin A (IgA) yang sangat signifikan. Penelitian menunjukkan ekstrak etanol bunga C. Tinctorius L memiliki potensi sebagai antimalaria secara in vitro dengan nilai IC50 sebesar 1,06 µg/ml. Sampel bunga C. tinctorius L. kering sebanyak 3 Kg dicacah hingga menjadi serbuk sebanyak 870 gram kemudian diekstraksi secara maserasi dengan menggunakan pelarut etanol 80%. Hasil maserasi dipekatkan dengan vacuum rotary evaporator pada suhu 50°C sehingga diperoleh ekstrak kental sebanyak 178,7gram. Profil fitokimia menunjukkan ekstrak etanol bunga C. tinctorius L. mengandung senyawa metabolit antara lain saponin, terpenoid, flavonoid, tanin dan antrakuinon.Kata kunci: Skrining, ekstrak, kasumba turate, obat tradisional, antimalaria