“…Curcumin nanoparticles were taken from the Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Halu Oleo University, Kendari, Indonesia. Curcumin nanoparticles were formulated from chitosan and tripolyphosphate (the reinforcement ionic gelation method) [4]. Other materials included HPMC (ShimEtsu, Japan), EC n10 (Hercules, USA),chloroform (Merck, Germany), NaOH (Brataco, Indonesia), polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG 400) (Merck, Germany), dichloromethane (Merck, Germany), potassium dihydrogen phosphate (Merck, Germany), ethanol (Brataco, Indonesia), menthol (Brataco, Indonesia), white rats (Rattus Norvegicus), and distilled water (Brataco, Indonesia).…”