This study aims to explain the dynamics of Indonesian History subject in the 2013 Curriculum at Vocational High School. Implementation of the 2013 Curriculum, the Indonesian History subject had a special place at the Vocational High School level. But, revision of 2013 Curriculum effected on the existence of Indonesian History subject in Vocational High School. This study used a library research method that used library resources in research without field research. The results showed that Indonesian History subject at the beginning of the 2013 Curriculum implementation got allocation 216 hours for six semester in 10th, 11th, and 12th grade. Decreased to 144 hours for four semester in 10th and 11th grade after revised in 2016, and decreased again to 108 hours of time allocation for two semester only in 10th grade in 2017 and changing nomenclature from Indonesian History become History.   Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk memaparkan mengenai dinamika pelajaran Sejarah Indonesia dalam Kurikulum 2013 di jenjang SMK/MAK. Seperti diketahui bahwasanya awal penerapan Kurikulum 2013, Sejarah Indonesia mendapatkan tempat istimewa pada jenjang SMK/MAK, namun seiring perkembangan waktu, terjadi revisi yang dilakukan terhadap Kurikulum 2013 yang berdampak pada keberadaan mata pelajaran Sejarah Indonesia yang semakin berkurang jumlah jamnya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode historis yang mencakup heuristik, kritik, interpretasi dan historiografi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa Sejarah Indonesia pada awal penerapan Kurikulum 2013 mendapatkan alokasi waktu 216 jam pelajaran, semakin berkurang menjadi 144 jam pelajaran setelah terjadi revisi kurikulum pada 2016 dan semakin berkurang lagi menjadi 108 jam pelajaran serta perubahan komenklatur dari Sejarah Indonesia menjadi sejarah setelah perbaikan struktur kurikulum untuk SMK/MAK pada tahun 2017.

Dysphagia is associated with an increased risk of aspiration pneumonia which often results in death in stroke patients. Therefore, effective and efficient management is important. Behavioral therapy for swallowing rehabilitation based on the principles of neuroplasticity such as oropharyngeal strengthening and range of motion exercises are the alternative ones that often be used. This study aimed to assess the changes in swallowing function in ischemic stroke patients with neurogenic dysphagia after pharyngeal strengthening exercise, hyolaryngeal complex range of motion exercise and swallowing practice. Swallowing function was assessed using Penetration Aspiration Scale (PAS) and Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS) based on Flexible Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing before and after interventions. The interventions were given every day with a duration of 30-45 minutes for 4 weeks. There were six subjects who completed the study. The PAS before the interventions were 6.00± 1.79 and after the interventions was 1.67± 0.82 (P= 0.003). Meanwhile, the FOIS score before the interventions was 3 (1-5) and after the interventions were 5.00± 2.10 (P= 0.041). There was an improvement of PAS and FOIS after the interventions. Therefore, the interventions can be suggested to be used as one of the treatments to improve swallowing function in ischemic stroke patients with neurogenic dysphagia.

This research aims to investigate the influence of instructional models and creative thinking ability toward history learning outcomes of students at SMA Negeri 30 Jakarta. This research is quantitative research using design treatment by level 2x2. The instrument used to assess student’s achievement is in the multiple choice form, while the instrumen used to assess students creative thinking’s ability is in questionnaire form. The result of the research show that: history learning outcomes of students using sinektik learning models are higher than those history learning outcomes of students using cooperative learning tipe group investigation models, here is interaction effect between learning model and creative thinking on history learning outcomes of students, history learning outcomes of students who has high creative thinking and using sinektik learning model are higher than students using cooperative learning tipe grup investigation model, history learning outcomes of students who has creative thinking and using sinektik model are lower than students using the cooperative learning tipe grup investigation models.

ABSTRACT:This study is conducted to estimate the impact of the increase in regular and specific excise rates structure simplification on cigar '

This paper examines the effect of tax treaty, so called Perjanjian Penghindaran Pajak Berganda (P3B), on foreign direct investment inflow to Indonesia in short, middle and long term. From 67 countries that have P3B with Indonesia, we work only with 51 countries because of no longer P3B exist or lack of completed data. Using panel data set of 51 countries from 2000 to 2015 and applying fixed effect model, we find that P3B has insignificant relationship to foreign direct investment inflows in short term. However, tax treaty, both in middle and long term, have a positive relationship on Indonesia’s foreign direct investment inflow with 10%and 1% significant level, respectively. Furthermore, the data show that in all term there are Rp0 foreign direct investment inflow from corresponding countries, which are 58% countries in short terms, 61% in middle term, and 64% in long term. From all those countries that has no investment agreement, majority of them are lower middle income countries. So, Government should evaluate tax treaty that are present and consider more about macroeconomics factor from partner country before signing an agreement.