Brucellosis is a globally reemerging and neglected zoonosis causing serious public health problems as well as considerable economic losses due to infection of livestock. Although the epidemiology of brucellosis has been well studied and its various aspects in humans and animals are well understood, it is still one of the most challenging health problems in many developing countries such as Kyrgyzstan. This review describes epidemiological characteristics of brucellosis in humans and animals, its impact on animal production and the role of implemented infection control measures in Kyrgyzstan. Particularly, introduction of mass vaccination in small ruminants evidently contributed to control of brucellosis in Kyrgyzstan, reducing the number of infections in animals as well as humans.

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удк 616. 98:579.841.93(575.2) с.Т. абдикаримов, к. кыдышов, н.Т. Усенбаев, Э.м. дуйшеналиева Полевое эПидемиологичеСкое иССледование факторов риСкаЗаболеваемоСти бруцеллеЗом в джалал-абадСкой облаСти кыргыЗСкой реСПубликиРеспубликанский центр карантинных и особо опасных инфекций Министерства здравоохранения Кыргызской Республики, Бишкек, Кыргызская Республика целью данного исследования явилось определение факторов риска заболеваемости бруцеллезом в джалалабадской области кыргызской республики. материалы и методы. для определения факторов риска заболеваемости бруцеллезом проведено полевое эпидемиологическое исследование методом случай-контроль. в исследовании приняли участие 180 респондентов (90 случаев и 90 контролей). случаи бруцеллеза определены на основе эпидемиологических, клинических и лабораторных критериев. респонденты опрашивались с использованием разработанного вопросника. для определения меры ассоциации между воздействием и заболеванием рассчитаны соотношение шансов (OR) для каждого фактора. результаты и обсуждение. выявлено, что употребление непастеризованной домашней сметаны (оR = 2,8; CI = 1,5-5,2; р = 0,0001), шашлыка (оR = 5,1; CI = 2,5-10,4; р = 0,0001), случаи абортов или мертворождений среди животных в домашнем хозяйстве (оR = 11,3; CI = 4,2-30,6; р = 0,0001), уборка стойла (оR = 2,5; CI = 1,3-4,626; р = 0,0001), стрижка овец (оR = 2,6; CI = 1,2-5,6; р = 0,01) и убой животных (оR = 2,9; CI =1,2-6,5; р = 0,01) статистически достоверно ассоциированы с риском инфицирования бруцеллезом. исходя из этого, названные факторы являются ведущими факторами риска инфицирования бруцеллезом. содержание скота в частных домовладениях (оR = 7,1; CI = 3,0-16,5; р = 0,0001) имеет также большое значение в качестве фактора риска. значение показателя OR (оR = 0,8; CI = 0,04-0,18; р = 0,0001) позволяет проводить целенаправленную и дифференцированную профилактику бруцеллеза.Ключевые слова: бруцеллез, факторы риска, кыргызская республика, джалал-абадская область Корреспондирующий автор: Кыдышов Калысбек, e-mail: kydyshov80@mail.ru. Для цитирования: Абдикаримов С.Т., Кыдышов К., Усенбаев Н.Т., Дуйшеналиева Э.М. Полевое эпидемиологическое исследование факторов риска заболеваемости бруцеллезом в Джалал-Абадской области Кыргызской Республики. Проблемы особо опасных инфекций.Abstract. Objective of this study was to determine the risk factors of brucellosis morbidity in the Jalal-Abad Region of Kyrgyzstan. Materials and methods. A case-control study was conducted in the process of field epidemiological survey of risk factors of brucellosis incidence that lasted for 6 month in the year 2018 in the Jalal-Abad Region. The study involved 180 respondents (90 cases and 90 controls). Cases of brucellosis were identified on the basis of epidemiological, clinical and laboratory criteria. Respondents were interviewed using the developed questionnaire to obtain information on the risk factors. To determine the exposure/ disease ratio, the odds ratio (OR) was calculated for each factor. Results and discussion. It was revealed that the ...

Background Brucellosis, a zoonosis mainly transmitted by consumption of unpasteurized dairy products as well as direct contact with infected animals, is endemic in Kyrgyzstan. However, Brucella species in humans have not been investigated and the origin of the disease remains poorly known in wide parts of Сentral Asia. Thus, molecular characterization of the circulating strains is a critical first step in understanding Brucella diversity in the country. Methods In this study, isolates were collected from patients with suspected brucellosis from different regions in Kyrgyzstan between 2019 and 2020. The detection and identification of Brucella was carried out by Bruce-ladder PCR. Next generation sequencing was used to sequence the 89 Brucella isolates, which were genotyped by cgSNP and cgMLST to identify epidemiological connection between Brucella isolates as well as placing them in the context of the global Brucella phylogeny. Results The Brucella strains isolated from all regions of Kyrgyzstan were identified as B. melitensis. Based on cgSNP analysis, 18 sequence types were differentiated. The highest numbers of different sequence types were found in Batken (n = 8), Osh (n = 8) and Jalal-Abad (n = 6) oblasts. According to cgSNP and cgMLST analyses, different B. melitensis lineages circulate in Kyrgyzstan, all of them belonging to the Eastern Mediterranean group of the global Brucella phylogeny with the highest similarity to strains from Turkmenistan, Iran and Turkey. Conclusion In the present study, B. melitensis was identified as a causative agent of human brucellosis in Kyrgyzstan and different lineages could be identified. Since this study focused on isolates of human origin, the identity of Brucella species and lineages circulating among animal populations remains elusive. Implementing culture techniques and use of most recent molecular, bioinformatic and epidemiological tools are needed to set up a One Health approach to combat brucellosis in Kyrgyzstan. Further, other Сentral Asian countries need to take part in this effort as brucellosis is a transboundary disease in these regions. Graphical Abstract

Abstract. Objective of the study was to develop an effective method of sample pooling for the detection of SARSCoV-2 coronavirus RNA using PCR and evaluate that approach with various test systems.Materials and methods. SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus RNA was detected in samples containing nasal swabs placed in a transport medium. 5 samples were combined into one pool to perform the analysis. The effectiveness of the “in single test tube” pooling method for performing mass studies for COVID-19 was evaluated using the Vector-PCRrv-2019-nCoV-RG-19 test systems,Russia; “ArtTest COVID-19”,Belarus; “BioSpeedy”,Turkey.Results and discussion. A total of 587 pools were studied, consisting of 2935 test samples, in which 56 samples containing SARS-CoV-2 RNA were detected and confirmed by PCR. When studying the method of pooling samples, its specificity and optimal sensitivity for detecting SARS-CoV-2 RNA using the Vector-PCRrv-2019-nCoV-RG, ArtTest COVID-19, and BioSpeedy test systems were shown. The results of applying the pooling method correlated with the data obtained without pooling samples. The average deviation of the cycle amounted to 2 Ct; the fluorescence curve of positive samples corresponded to the «S» form.