This study aims to  find out the analysis of media needs, look for e-learning media based on weblogs with a CTL approach on reaction rates developed based on BSNP and knowing students' responses to webblog-based e-learning media with a CTL approach on the reaction rate material. Analysis of media needs was carried out by interviewing the chemistry class teacher of SMAN 1 Sibolga. This study uses the method (R&D) with the ADDIE development model covering the stages (analysis, design, development, implementation and evaluation). The developed media product was validated by 3 expert validators consisting of 2 chemistry lecturers and 1 chemistry teacher. The average result of the validation of the weblog-based e-learning media with the CTL approach that has been developed by chemistry lecturers and teachers is 3.70 in the very feasible category and material validation is 3.71 in the very feasible category and does not need to be revised. The assessment of the percentage of student responses to the web-based e-learning media developed was 74.5% with high response criteria

The conversion of biodiesel from rubber seed oil has been carried out using heterogeneous catalyst based on natural zeolite. The methods used include activated and calcined to produce active natural zeolite (ZAA). ZAA are embodied metal oxides of PbO, ZnO, and ZrO 2 through wet impregnation to produce bifunctional catalyst. The catalysts activity test was carried out in biodiesel synthesis at temperature 60ºC for 60 minutes with 5%(w/w) catalysts. Crystallinity of catalysts increased after the activation process and ZrO 2 loaded but decreased after PbO and ZnO loaded. The catalyst components after modification decreased Al levels due to dealumination process as well as reduced impurities. Spesific surface area of catalysts decreased after impregnation while total pore volume increased. Metal oxides loaded has an effect in increasing biodiesel conversion and reducing FFA content. The best performance was shown by ZrO 2 /ZAA catalysts with yield conversion of 58.10% and FFA conversion to methyl ester reaches 86.22%. The characteristics of water content, FFA content, and density of 0.092%, 1.081%, and 0.880 g/cm 3 , respectively. These data showed that biodiesel from rubber seed oil which was catalyzed by a bifunctional catalyst has the potential to be developed as an alternative source of future renewable and environmentally friendly fuels.

This study aims to develop and implement an innovative guided inquiry-based learning resource as a strategy for achieving student competence in the teaching of Analytical Chemistry. The research was conducted during the Covid 19 pandemic, involving 30 undergraduate students. Research stages include the development of innovative learning resources with guided inquiry to facilitate students to conduct investigations, include asking, researching, reporting investigation result, and share finding information to hone students higher-order thinking skills (HOTS). A standard inquiry-based learning resource package has been compiled for teaching Cation analysis for undergraduate students. Learning resources and supporting facilities are effective in facilitating students to learn actively in planning and carrying out inquiry assignments and presenting their findings. Thinking skills in the HOTS category have been developed for three aspects, namely the skills to analyze, evaluate, and create for analytical chemistry activities, all of which are classified as very good (M=85.07±1.70). The availability of guided inquiry-based learning resources has succeeded in teaching students to master Cation Analysis, as indicated by the achievement of learning outcomes (M=83.16±4.82) which are classified as good. Guided inquiry-based learning is very appropriate to be used for active learning as a strategy for achieving competence in the field of analytical chemistry

Bio-oil contains many oxygenated compounds, as well as high acid and water content, which can reduce the stability of its components and have poor overall physicochemical properties. In this study, the quality of bio-oil produced from the pyrolysis of oil palm fronds was enhanced through a hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) reaction that was preceded by esterification as a pre-treatment. The catalyst used in the HDO reaction is mixed metal oxide (Fe 2 O 3 -CoO) anchored within zeolite mordenite (Fe 2 O 3 -CoO/Mor). The catalysts were characterized using XRD, SEM-EDX, and BET methods. The presence of metal oxides on the surface of mordenite increases the activity of the catalyst in producing liquid products while reducing the formation of coke. Upgrading of bio-oil has improved the physicochemical properties of bio-oil compared to the one-stage upgrading process. The analysis of product showed that the C and H content increased from 11.5 to 23.5 wt% and from 9.76 to 11.2 wt%, respectively. On the other hand, the O content decreased from 78.7 to 65.2 wt% with a degree of deoxygenation of 59.8%. Moreover, higher heating value (HHV) of the bio-oil increased by 38% from 11.6 to 16.0 MJ/kg.

Floor cleaning fluid containing a solution of HCl mixed with carbide (CaC2), produces a reaction in the form of gases, air bubbles and there is sedimentation. The resulting gas is acetylene gas. NaClO solution in clothes bleach reacts with HCl in floor cleaning fluid to produce a reaction in the form of an explosion of fire, soot / carbon and produces chlorine gas. This study aims to determine the effect of differences in the concentration of HCl in floor cleaning fluid to produce the reaction of chlorine gas and acetylene gas by mixing floor cleaner with carbide and clothes bleach. In this study, using a floor cleaner with a concentration of 12% HCl and a concentration of 17% as a comparison. The results obtained are that the difference in the concentration of HCl has an effect on explosions, gases.