Penelitian pengembangan ini bertujuan: (1) menghasilkan bahan ajar interaktif untuk meningkatkan pemahaman konsep matematika pada siswa kelas X SMA PIRI 1 Yogyakarta, (2) menghasilkan bahan ajar interaktif yang layak untuk meningkatkan pemahaman konsep matematika siswa kelas X SMA PIRI 1 Yogyakarta, dan (3) menghasilkan bahan ajar interaktif yang efektif untuk meningkatkan pemahaman konsep matematika siswa kelas X SMA PIRI 1 Yogyakarta. Penelitian pengembangan ini mengacu pada langkah-langkah desain pengembangan yang dikembangkan oleh Alessi & Trollip. Desain pengembangan tersebut dikelompokkan atas tiga prosedur pengembangan, yang meliputi: (a) tahap perencanaan (planning), (b) tahap desain (design), dan (c) tahap pengembangan (development). Penelitian ini (1) menghasilkan bahan ajar interaktif dalam bentuk digital yang dikemas menggunakan Compact Disk (CD) dan dilengkapi buku petunjuk yang dapat digunakan oleh siswa sebagai sumber belajar pendukung pembelajaran matematika, (2) produk yang dihasilkan dinilai sangat layak untuk meningkatkan pemahaman konsep matematika berdasarkan penilaian ahli materi, ahli media dan subyek uji coba, dan (3) produk yang dihasilkan efektif  meningkatkan pemahaman konsep matematika siswa kelas X SMA PIRI 1 Yogyakarta, terbukti dengan nilai rata-rata pretest sebesar 22,65 meningkat pada posttest sebesar 74,23 dengan nilai gain skor 0,71.Kata kunci: bahan ajar interaktif, pemahaman konsep, siswa SMA kelas X. INTERACTIVE LEARNING MATERIAL TO IMPROVE UNDERSTANDING OF MATHEMATICAL CONCEPTS IN HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS OF CLASS XAbstractThis developmental research aims to: (1) produce an interactive learning material product for improving understanding of mathematical concepts of grade X students of SMA PIRI 1 Yogyakarta, (2) generate viable interactive learning materials for improving understanding of mathematical concepts of grade X students of SMA PIRI 1 Yogyakarta, and (3) generating interactive effective learning materials for improving understanding of mathematical concepts of grade X students of SMA PIRI 1 Yogyakarta. This research refers to the developmental phases developed by Alessi & Trollip. The developmental design was grouped into three development procedures, consisting of: (a) planning, (b) design, and (c) development. The research (1) produces interactive learning materials in digital form which are packed in Compact Disk (CD) and comes with manuals that can be used by students as learning resources supporting mathematics learning, (2) the product is considered highly feasible to improve the understanding of mathematical concepts based on the assessment of material experts, media experts, and subject trials, and (3) the product effectively improves the understanding of mathematical concepts of grade X students of SMA PIRI 1 Yogyakarta, as evidenced by the pretest average value of 22.65 increases in posttest to 74.23 with gain score value of 0.71.Keywords: interactive learning materials, conceptual understanding, high school students of class X

A water quality monitoring system in hydroponics with a Total Dissolved Solid Sensor (TDS) equipped with the Arduino UNO microcontroller has been developed.  The TDS SEN0244 sensor read the water sensitivity, which will display the value of the reading on the LCD. Furthermore, if the output is less than 2.30 Volts or 1000 ppm, the buzzer will sound once, and the dosing pump will rotate to automatically add nutrients A and B. The buzzer will sound twice if the output is more than 2.40 Volts or 1200 ppm. When reading the sensitivity of water (well water) with a water value of 400 ppm, the relevant results were obtained, namely, 1000 - 1200 ppm when 4 - 5 mL of the nutrient solution was added to water with a capacity of fewer than 6 liters. The appropriate value was obtained when testing the TDS sensor on several water samples. However, in the salt and soapy water samples, the voltage value reading was unstable or experienced an error. Implementing this system is expected to make it easier for the community, especially farmers, to cultivate hydroponic plants.

Face to face meeting is not always effective in learning because there are some situations during which it cannot be conducted, such as during the pandemic that we have felt together for these 2 years and even now. Therefore, we need to work around this by learning online through the use of Moodle-based e-learning. This research was conducted at the Faculty of Teacher Training and Education (FKIP) Samawa University with the aim of knowing how gender influences the learning independence of prospective teachers through the use of Moodle-based e-learning. The research sample amounted to 42 students who were divided into 21 males and 21 females. The research data was obtained by distributing a learning independence questionnaire containing 20 statement items that have been adjusted to the indicators of learning independence and calculated using a Likert scale of 1 to 5. The results showed that the significance level value was 0.37, which was greater than 0.05. Therefore, it can be concluded that gender does not affect the learning independence of prospective teacher through the use of Moodle-based e-learning.

The current learning process is carried out online with the help of e-learning. This certainly changes the pattern of learning and this pattern requires students to be more independent in the learning process. This study aims to compare the effect of using e-learning on the learning independence of prospective teachers in the exact field of exact sciences with the social and humanities field at Universitas Samawa. Respondents in this study amounted to 62 students from five study programs under the auspices of the Faculty of Teacher Training and Education. Respondents were divided into two based on the specifications of the fields of science, exact sciences, and social humanities. The data collection technique used observation technique with the tool used in the form of a Likert scale questionnaire. The results showed that in general, student-teacher candidates in the field of social humanities obtained a higher score of learning independence than prospective students in the field of exact sciences, while based on each indicator of learning independence, prospective students in the field of exact sciences teachers were higher than prospective students in the field of social humanities specifically on disciplinary indicators. The results of the influence test show that the significant value is greater than 0.05. So, it can be concluded that the use of e-learning during the covid-19 pandemic does not significantly affect the learning independence of prospective teacher students at Universitas Samawa