Ritsurin garden is a prominent Japanese strolling garden located in Takamatsu City, Kagawa Prefecture, and is a listed national cultural property. However it is presently being visually spoilt by the existence of modern tall buildings bordering the garden. In this study, twelve view points were selected as observation locations. The visual impact of modern tall buildings on the garden scenery was described based on the vertical and the horizontal angles of the buildings views visible from each observation point. Two actions were suggested to improve the scenery and simultaneously, conserve the garden. The first action, to be conducted within the garden, is establishing proper coverage by planting trees or planting trees after mounding the ground to hide the buildings views without spoiling the main existing design. The second action, to be conducted outside the garden, should provide for an appropriate protection zone (fuchi-chiku) surrounding the garden.

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Physical and cultural conditions are fundamental factors in creating the formation of a terraced agricultural landscape. Studying the formation of terraced landscape is essential in order to understand the interaction between human activities and the natural processes that can be used to strengthen the adaptive capability in response to climate change and environment control. Terraced agricultural landscape in Batukaru Mountain's slope was selected as one of major terraced rice landscapes in Bali. The spatial pattern distribution and characteristics of landscapes were investigated using geographical information system, and the indigenous knowledge mechanism behinds the sustainability was discussed physically and culturally. The results showed that the harmony between the vertical pattern of the landscape, shape of terrace, irrigation system and conservative vegetative landscape along the steep slope and high elevation has protected the landscape. The controlled irrigation system has assured water to flow from the top to the bottom and even to places that seem impossible to reach by natural river water. The intangible agricultural indigenous concept called Tri Hita Karana was adhered to in organizing the layout of landscape elements such as forest, temple, terraced paddy field, irrigation network, and settlement which will continue to affect the sustainability throughout years.