Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui peran guru PPKn dalam mengembangkan disiplin pada siswa kelas VIII di SMP Negeri 18 Mataram. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif,  teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa (1) peran guru PPKn dalam mengembangkan disiplin pada siswa kelas VIII yaitu memberikan motivator, membiasakan siswa menaati peraturan di sekolah, serta menumbuhkan sikap sopansantun dan beretika serta memberikan contoh teladan, dan memberikan sanksi.(2) terdapat sejumlah faktor pendukung dan penghambat guru PPKn dalam mengembangkan disiplin siswa. Faktor pendukung berupa faktor internal guru dan kerjasama antara tegana pendidik, sedangkan faktor penghambat berupa lingkungan dan kurang kesadaran dari orang tua

The research aims to identify seawater quality conditions (physical and Chemical) in Gili Air Lombok and determine the water quality status using the pollution index method based on the Indonesian Minister of Environment Decree No. 115/2003. The method is descriptive research with quantitative and qualitative approaches. To identify water quality by comparing it with PP No. Water quality standard. 82/2001 concerning Water Quality Management and Water Pollution Control which includes physical parameters and chemical parameters. The water quality of Gili Air-sea based on the water pollution parameter test shows that the physical quality parameters still meet the required quality standards except for two chemical quality parameters. The pH of 6.3, and Phosphate has a value of 0.1 mg/l, which exceeds the quality standard seawater for marine tourism. Dissolved Phosphate in Gili Air waters comes from demineralization from the bottom of the waters in the form of coral. The movement of seawater accelerates demineralization. Phosphate in Gili Air waters also comes from seagrass productivity in these waters. However, the phosphate levels in the waters of Gili Air do not endanger the life of aquatic biota and do not interfere with the aesthetics of tourism. Meanwhile, based on the assessment of the status of water quality using the pollution index method. It was shown to be very lightly polluted with an IP value of 2.622.

Cigarette butt waste can be used for biopesticides for environmentally friendly agricultural activities. Biopesticides cigarette can be produced by conducting a maceration extraction test using polar, non-polar, and semi-polar compounds and conducting a Mass Spectrometer Chromatography (GC-MS) test. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of bio-pesticide based on tobacco extract from cigarette butt waste for maize (Zea mays L.)". The highest yield value was the ethanol sample of 1.208%, compared to the N-hexane sample of 0.25% and the DCM sample of 0.6%. For the comparison of solvents used were 500 ml of ethanol, 250 ml of N-hexane, and 250 ml for DCM as well. After conducting the GC-MS test, the compounds obtained are alkaloid compounds, phenolic compounds, sesquiterpenoid compounds, and terpenoid compounds, each of which has benefits as a pest control or deterrent to plants. For the effectiveness test results on Corn (Zea mays L.), there was no intensity of pest attack on the ethanol sample, N-hexane sample, and DCM sample. In contrast, there was a pest attack intensity of 0.3% for the control sample. Therefore, the Biopesticides studied are similar to synthetic pesticides because they can eradicate pests and make growth effective faster.