There are several studies suggesting that disadvantaged groups display positive attitudes towards advantaged groups. System Justification Theorists have conceptualised that attitudes as out-group favouritism, whereas Social Identity Theorists have described it as the attitude of members identifying with the advantaged group, reflecting in-group favouritism. As the level of participants’ identification with both groups is not measured in those studies, it is not clear enough which theory they support. This study, conducted with 145 people living in Turkey and define themselves as Kurdish, aims to examine the attitudes of the participants towards the disadvantaged Kurdish in-group and the advantaged Turkish out-group in terms of the participant’s level of identification with both groups and the identity management strategies (individual mobility, social competition, superordinate re-categorisation) followed by the participants. For this purpose, the participants dividing into three clusters depending on their level of identification with both groups were compared in terms of their intergroup attitudes and the strategies they followed. The results indicated that the participants who identified with the Turkish group on a higher level had favouritism towards Turks and followed the individual mobility and superordinate re-categorisation strategies. On the other hand, the participants who identified with the Kurdish group on a higher level had favouritism towards Kurds and followed the social competition strategy. These results support Social Identity Theory, suggesting that disadvantaged group members’ positive attitudes towards advantaged groups reflect in-group favouritism, not out-group favouritism. This is because they identify themselves through advantaged groups as a result of certain strategies.
ÖZETBu çalışmanın temel amaçlarından biri toplumsal yapı içerisinde düşük sosyal konumda bulunan grupların üyelerinin yüksek sosyal konumdaki gruplara yönelik dış grup tarafgirliği olarak kavramlaştırılan tutumuna farklı açıklama getiren araştırma bulgularını derlemek ve bu bulguları özsaygı, kontrol algısı, süreklilik kimlik motivasyonları temelinde tartışmaktır. Çalışma kapsamında derlenen araştırma bulguları Temel Uyuşma Yanlılığı (TUY) ve Terör Yönetimi Kuramı (TYK) bağlamında ele alınmıştır. TUY eğilimi ile ilgili yapılan çalışmaların bulguları düşük statülü grupların içinde bulunduğu dezavantajlı konumun sorumluluğunu kendilerine yüklemelerinin nedeninin temel bir motivasyon olan kontrol algısı ile ilgili olabileceğini; üst statülü grupların konumlarıyla ilgili başarılarını onların içsel özelliklerine atfetmelerinin ise onlardan gelebilecek olası tehditleri öngörme ve bunlara karşı tedbirli olmayla alakalı olabileceğini göstermektedir. TYK bağlamında incelenen çalışma bulguları da düşük statülü grupların sosyal eşitsizlik üreten sistemi (toplumsal yapıyı) destekleme sebebinin bu yapının kendilerinin hayatına bir düzen, süreklilik ve anlam getirerek başta özsaygı olmak üzere çeşitli ihtiyaçlarını tatmin etmesi ile ilgili olabileceğini göstermektedir.Anahtar Kelimeler: dış grup tarafgirliği, kimlik motivasyonları, benlik değerlendirme motivasyonu, temel uyuşma yanlılığı, terör yönetimi kuramı Arş. Gör., Dicle Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Psikoloji Bölümü, ABSTRACTThe main goal of this study is to compile research findings that explain the attitude of low-status groups towards high status group, conceptualized as out-group favoritism, and to discuss the findings on the basis of self-esteem, efficacy and continuity identity motivations. The research findings gathered within the scope of the study were handled in the context of the Fundamental Correspondence Bias (FCB) and Terror Management Theory (TMT). Findings of studies on the tendency towards FCB show that the reason of the positive attitude of low-status groups toward high status group may be related to the sense of control, which is a basic motivation, and related to anticipating the possible threats from them and being cautious against those threats. Findings of studies examined in the context of TMT show that the reason of low-status groups' supportive attitude towards the system may be related to that the system fulfills various identity motives.
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