Kegunaan edible film sebagai kemasan primer makanan semakin meningkat. Pati bengkoang dan tapioka dapat digunakan sebagai sumber pati dalam pembuatan edible film. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan konsentrasi tapioka dan gliserol dan menentukan jenis asam lemak yang menghasilkan karakteristik fisik dan mekanik terbaik dari edible film dengan penambahan pati bengkoang. Pembuatan edible film dilakukan dengan menambahkan variasi konsentrasi tapioka dan gliserol dan dengan menambahkan 1% pati bengkoang. Pati bengkoang dapat menghasilkan edible film dengan elongasi yang cukup baik karena kandungan amilosa yang cukup tinggi yaitu 23%. Pengaruh variasi konsentrasi tapioka dan gliserol terhadap ketebalan, lightness, kuat tarik, persen pemanjangan, dan laju transmisi uap air diamati. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi tapioka dan gliserol berpengaruh signifikan terhadap ketebalan, kuat tarik, persen pemanjangan, dan laju transmisi uap air. Peningkatan konsentrasi tapioka hingga 2% dan konsentrasi gliserol dari 0,5% hingga 1% dapat meningkatkan ketebalan dan persen pemanjangan. Peningkatan konsentrasi tapioka dan gliserol juga meningkatkan kuat tarik dan laju transmisi uap air. Edible film terbaik dihasilkan dari konsentrasi tapioka 2% dan gliserol 0.5%, dalam penelitian ini jenis asam lemak yang digunakan adalah asam lemak stearat dan asam lemak oleat. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa jenis asam lemak juga berpengaruh signifikan terhadap lightness, kuat tarik, persen pemanjangan, dan laju transmisi uap air. Asam lemak stearat memberi pengaruh lebih baik pada karakteristik edible film dibandingkan dengan asam lemak oleat. Asam lemak stearat meningkatkan kuat tarik seiring dengan penurunan elongasi. Penambahan asam lemak stearat dapat menurunkan laju transmisi uap air edible film dari pati bengkoang walaupun dengan penurunan persen pemanjangan.

Wonton wrapper is a type of pasta that has a similar composition with noodle, such as wheat flour, water, egg, salt, and kansui. Indonesian people has also consumed wonton wrapper but it has been limited due to the difficulty of wheat flour supply as it’s main ingredient. To reduce the dependency of imported wheat flour, this experiment was held to determine tapioca, sago, and glutinous rice as a substitute to wheat flour. The aims of this research were to determine the type of flour to substitute wheat flour in fried wonton wrapper making, to determine the protein percentage of wheat flour in fried wonton wrapper making, and to determine the sensory and physical characteristics of wonton wrapper on cold and frozen storage. This research was conducted by RAL (completely randomized design) using two treatment factors are three kinds of flour (tapioca, sago, and glutinous rice) and three substitution level of concentration (15, 30, and 45%). The organoleptic result showed that fried wonton wrapper made from medium protein wheat flour with 30% tapioca flour substitution was the best treatment to produce a good quality since it had a higher crunchiness, acceptance, and substitution level. Sensory and physical characteristics of wonton wrapper has been maintained during 4 weeks of freezing storage. Keywords: fried wonton wrapper, wheat flour, tapioca

“Kue kembang goyang” is a popular Indonesian traditional food made from rice flour. Millet flour with an amylose content equal to rice flour can be substituted for rice flour in the “kue kembang goyang” formulation. The research aimed to determine the amylose content of 3 varieties of foxtail millet flour (Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv.) and to determine the best formula of “kue kembang goyang” in several ratios of foxtail millet flour:rice flour-based on crunchiness and oil absorption. The research was divided into two phases. Phase I, involved determining the amylose content of the three varieties of foxtail millet flour (erecta, compacta, glabra) and stage II involved determining the physical characteristics of “kue kembang goyang” in the ratio of foxtail millet flour:rice flour (0: 100, 20:80, 40:60, 60:40, 80:20) and concentration of coconut milk (20%, 30%, 40%). The result of phase I showed that the highest amylose content was found in foxtail millet flour of erecta variety (37.91 ± 0.51%). The phase II result showed that the ratio of foxtail millet flour:rice flour affected the texture and absorption of oil of “kue kembang goyang”. The higher the ratio of foxtail millet flour, the lower the count peaks, toughness, oil absorption, but the higher fracturability of “kue kembang goyang”. Increasing the concentration of coconut milk can increase count peaks, toughness, fracturability, and an oil absorption of “kue kembang goyang”. The best formula of “kue kembang goyang” was obtained in the ratio of foxtail millet flour:rice flour 60:40 and 30 % of coconut milk-based on the highest crunchiness and oil absorption resembled the control. Keywords: Coconut milk; foxtail millet; “kue kembang goyang”; physical characteristics   ABSTRAK Kue kembang goyang merupakan kue tradisional Indonesia yang popular dan terbuat dari tepung beras. Tepung beras dalam formula kue kembang goyang dapat diganti tepung jewawut yang memiliki kadar amilosa menyamai tepung beras. Tujuan penelitian adalah menentukan kadar amilosa tiga varietas tepung jewawut (Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv.) dan menentukan formula terbaik kue kembang goyang pada beberapa rasio tepung jewawut:tepung beras berdasarkan kerenyahan dan absorpsi minyak. Penelitian dibagi menjadi tahap I yaitu menentukan kadar amilosa ke-3 varietas jewawut (erecta, compacta, glabra) dan tahap II yaitu menentukan karakteristik fisik kue kembang goyang pada rasio tepung jewawut:tepung beras (0:100, 20:80, 40:60, 60:40, 80:20) dan konsentrasi santan (20, 30, 40%). Hasil penelitian tahap I menunjukkan kadar amilosa tertinggi pada tepung jewawut varietas erecta (37,91 ± 0,51%). Hasil penelitian tahap II menunjukkan rasio tepung jewawut:tepung beras berpengaruh terhadap tekstur dan absorpsi minyak kue kembang goyang. Semakin tinggi rasio tepung jewawut dapat menurunkan count peaks, toughness, absorpsi minyak, namun meningkatkan daya patah kue kembang goyang. Peningkatan konsentrasi santan dapat meningkatkan count peaks, toughness, daya patah, dan absorpsi minyak kue kembang goyang. Formula terbaik kue kembang goyang diperoleh pada rasio tepung jewawut:tepung beras 60:40 dan konsentrasi santan 30% berdasarkan kerenyahan tertinggi dan absorpsi minyak yang menyerupai kontrol. Kata kunci: Karakteristik fisik; kue kembang goyang; jewawut; santan

The molecular structural changes of food could be observed by the technique of FT-IR and 13 C NMR spectroscopy. This research was aimed to study the structural changes in cooked rice treated with cooling-reheating process and coconut milk addition using FT-IR and 13 C NMR. It was found that the cooling-reheating process and addition of coconut milk cause several structural changes of cooked rice. The IR analysis showed the bands at 3,400, 2,900, 1,018 and 856 cm -1 changed due to the retrogradation during cooling process. The spectrum of 13 C NMR showed the change of peaks at 100.28 and 100.10 ppm. These changes may be related to the addition of coconut milk during rice cooking.

Melinjo (Gnetum gnemon L.) is a native plant in Indonesia. Melinjo peel is generally disposed of, although it contains tannin, flavonoid and saponin, which can be used as antimicrobial compounds. The purpose of this research was to analyze the antimicrobial activity of melinjo peel extract. Maceration method was conducted to extract the melinjo peel, using ethyl acetate as the solvent. The extract at concentration of 4, 8, 12, and 16% (w/v) could inhibit Escherichia coli ATCC 8739, Bacillus cereus ATCC 10876, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027, but could not inhibit Rhizopus oligosporus ATCC 22959. The extract MIC and MBC value was ranged from 0.50-0.69% and 2.00-2.76%, respectively. Alkaloids, saponin, phenolic, flavonoids and glycosides were found in the extract. The inhibition of selected extract (12%) had a similar level to 1000 ppm Colistin against E. coli and P. aeruginosa. Low pH (pH 4) increased the inhibition of the extract, while neutral pH decreased the inhibition. Heating extract at 65 0 C for 30 minutes increased the inhibition, whereas heating at 75, 85, and 95 0 C decreased the inhibition. The present of salt and sugar at concentration of 1-5% and 10-50%, respectively, increased the inhibition. The extract could damage cell morphology and was confirmed by the presence of ions (Ca 2+ , K + , dan Mg 2+) outside of the cells.