Background Measuring height for age is one of the essential indicators for evaluating children’s growth. The study analyzes the association between maternal education and stunting among children under two years in Indonesia. Methods The study employed secondary data from the 2017 Indonesia Nutritional Status Monitoring Survey. The unit of analysis was children under two years, and the study obtained weighted samples of 70,293 children. Besides maternal education, other independent variables analyzed in this study were residence, maternal age, maternal marital status, maternal employment, children’s age, and gender. In the final stage, the study occupied a multivariate test by binary logistic regression test. Results The results show the proportion of stunted children under two years in Indonesia nationally is 20.1%. Mothers in primary school and under education categories are 1.587 times more likely than mothers with a college education to have stunted children under two years (95% CI 1.576–1.598). Meanwhile, mothers with a junior high school education have a chance of 1.430 times more than mothers with a college education to have stunted children under two years (95% CI 1.420–1.440). Moreover, mothers with education in the senior high school category have 1.230 times more chances than mothers with a college education to have stunted children under two years (95% CI 1.222–1.238). Conclusion The study concluded that the maternal education level was associated with stunting children under two years in Indonesia. The lower the mother’s level of education, the higher the chances of a mother having stunted children under two years.

Abstract Stunting is a condition of chronic malnutrition that occurs during a critical period of the child's growth and development caused by several factors. The research objective was to explore the direct and indirect causes of stunting as part of the 2019 child development cohort study in Bogor City. The study used indepth interviews with 24 informants who had children under five (10-49 months) with a normal history of birth weight, but then experienced stunting. The data analysis was thematic and the results showed that the direct causes included the provision of colostrum and exclusive breastfeeding but without continued balance with adequate complementary feeding. Prelacteal feeding was given to replace breast milk after childbirth, the first feeding with factory food until more than 1 year old so that the nutritional needs of the child were insufficient. Moreover, the consumption of protein sources is still insufficient and the child has a history of recurrent infections. Meanwhile, the indirect causes included the low socioeconomic status and poor environmental sanitation conditions posing them at risks of infections. To overcome these problems, it is necessary to improve nutrition education for mothers, improve environmental sanitation and increase the family economy through community economic empowerment. Key words: Stunting, direct cause, indirect cause Abstrak Stunting merupakan kondisi kekurangan gizi kronis yang terjadi pada saat periode kritis dari proses tumbuh dan kembang anak yang dipengaruhi oleh banyak faktor. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menggali penyebab langsung dan tidak langsung kejadian stunting yang merupakan bagian dari penelitian kohor tumbuh kembang anak tahun 2019 di Kota Bogor. Metode kualitatif deskriptif dilakukan melalui wawancara mendalam dengan 24 informan ibu yang memiliki balita (10-49 bulan) dengan riwayat lahir normal, tetapi kemudian mengalami stunting. Analisis data menggunakan analisis Tematik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penyebab langsung antara lain pemberian kolostrum serta ASI eksklusif sudah dilakukan tetapi belum diimbangi dengan MP-ASI yang adekuat, pemberian makanan prelakteal berupa susu formula diberikan untuk menggantikan ASI yang belum keluar pasca melahirkan, pemberian makanan pertama berupa makanan pabrikan diberikan sampai anak berusia lebih dari 1 tahun sehingga tidak mencukupi kebutuhan gizi anak seiringnya bertambahnya usia anak, konsumsi sumber protein masih kurang dan mengalami riwayat infeksi berulang. Sedangkan penyebab tidak langsung yaitu rendahnya status sosial ekonomi keluarga dan kondisi sanitasi lingkungan yang kurang baik dapat menjadi risiko anak mudah tertular penyakit infeksi. Untuk mengatasi masalah ini perlu ditingkatkan edukasi gizi pada ibu, peningkatan sanitasi lingkungan sekitar dengan menjalankan program bersih lingkungan dan peningkatan ekonomi keluarga melalui pemberdayaan ekonomi masyarakat. Kata kunci: Stunting, penyebab langsung, penyebab tidak langsung

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The rapid development of information technology provides new opportunities for the integration the practice ofhealth into mobile device (m-Health) which currently still limited its development in Indonesia. “Balita Sehat” application can be an alternative for growth, development, and consumption monitoring. The objectives of this research are to measure the level of knowledge and attitude of the under-five mother, test the effectiveness, and identify the dominant factors that influence the change of mothers knowledge and attitude toward child growth and development monitoring. The design of this study is quasi experiment. Samples were mother of child aged 0-59 months, 100 mothers each from control and intervention group. Data were obtained through interviews by using structured questionnaires. Data were analyzed by Mann Whitney Test and logistic regression. The pretest results showed no differences in knowledge and attitude scores between the two groups (pvalue 0.348 and 0.347). Meanwhile, there were significant differences (pvalue <0.01 and 0.001) after the intervention. There were also a significant differences of the changes in knowledge and attitude scores between the two groups (pvalue 0.001 and 0.013). The use of Balita Sehat mobile application significantly improves mother's knowledge and attitude. Frequency of utilization and mother's age (>25 years) are the dominant factors that influence the changes in knowledge. In addition, the frequency of utilization and father's education are the factors influencing the changes in attitude. Balita Sehat mobile app can be an effective tools to increase mother's practice in monitoring the growth and development of her child. Abstrak Pergerakan teknologi informasi yang pesat berpeluang untuk mengintegrasikan berbagai praktik di bidang kesehatan ke layanan perangkat bergerak (m-Health) yang saat ini masih terbatas pengembangannya di Indonesia. Pemanfaatan aplikasi Balita Sehat dapat menjadi salah satu alternatif untuk memantau pertumbuhan, perkembangan dan konsumsi balita. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengukur tingkat pengetahuan dan sikap ibu balita, menguji efektivitas, dan mengidentifikasi faktor dominan yang mempengaruhi perubahan pengetahuan dan sikap ibu terhadap pemantauan pertumbuhan dan perkembangan. Disain penelitian ini adalah kuasi eksperimen. Sampel adalah ibu dari anak berusia 0-59 bulan yang  masing-masing berjumlah 100 ibu baik di kelompok kontrol maupun intervensi. Data diperoleh melalui wawancara dengan kuesioner terstruktur. Data dianalisis dengan uji Mann Whitney dan regresi logistik. Hasil pretest menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan skor pengetahuan dan sikap diantara dua kelompok (pvalue 0,348 dan 0,347) dan setelah intervensi terdapat perbedaan signifikan (pvalue <0,01 dan 0,001). Perubahan skor pengetahuan dan sikap juga menunjukkan perbedaan signifikan antara dua kelompok (pvalue 0,001 dan 0,013). Pemakaian aplikasi mobile Balita Sehat secara bermakna meningkatkan pengetahuan dan sikap ibu. Pemanfaatan aplikasi dan umur ibu (>25 tahun) merupakan faktor dominan yang mempengaruhi perubahan pengetahuan. Pemanfaatan aplikasi juga merupakan faktor yang mempengaruhi perubahan sikap selain pendidikan ayah. Aplikasi Balita Sehat dapat menjadi sarana efektif untuk meningkatkan kepedulian ibu dalam memantau pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anaknya.

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