Women with PCO have higher serum AMH levels during COH than controls. Hyperandrogenism is associated with an additional increase in AMH. It is conceivable that hyperandrogenism may reflect more severe disruption of folliculogenesis in women with PCO or may affect AMH secretion.

Aim: To determine the incidence of post-phototherapy neonatal plasma total bilirubin (PTB) rebound. Methods: A prospective clinical survey was performed on 226 term and near-term neonates treated with phototherapy in the well baby nursery of the Shaare Zedek Medical Center from January 2001 to September 2002. Neonates were tested for PTB 24 hours (between 12 and 36 hours) after discontinuation of phototherapy, with additional testing as clinically indicated. The main outcome measure, significant bilirubin rebound, was defined as a post-phototherapy PTB >256 mmol/l. Phototherapy was not reinstituted in all cases of rebound, but rather according to clinical indications. Results: A total of 30 (13.3%) neonates developed significant rebound (mean (SD) PTB 287 (27) mmol/l, upper range 351 mmol/l). Twenty two of these (73%) were retreated with phototherapy at mean PTB 296 (29) mmol/l. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed significant risk for aetiological risk factors including positive direct Coombs test (odds ratio 2.44, 95% CI 1.25 to 4.74) and gestational age ,37 weeks (odds ratio 3.21, 95% CI 1.29 to 7.96). A greater number of neonates rebounded among those in whom phototherapy was commenced (72 hours (26/152, 17%) compared with .72 hours (4/74, 5.4%) (odds ratio 3.61, 95% CI 1.21 to 10.77). Conclusion: Post-phototherapy neonatal bilirubin rebound to clinically significant levels may occur, especially in cases of prematurity, direct Coombs test positivity, and those treated (72 hours. These risk factors should be taken into account when planning post-phototherapy follow up.

Despite good outcomes in pediatric renal transplantation, life expectancy is reduced, mostly as a result of accelerated atherosclerosis. A comprehensive evaluation of cardiac status and risk factors for cardiovascular disease was performed in 60 patients after renal transplantation (age 3 to 29 yr; mean 15.8). Posttransplantation diabetes was diagnosed in 7%. Half of the patients did not engage in any physical activity, and this was associated with increased body mass index. Uncontrolled hypertension was found in 13% of patient, and 53% were on antihypertensive medications. BP index was associated with left ventricular mass index (LVMI). Dyslipidemia was relatively uncommon, with hypercholesterolemia found in 15% and elevated LDL cholesterol found in 10% of patients. Hyperhomocysteinemia was frequent (58%); in most patients, it was not due to folate or B 12 deficiency. Lipid and homocysteine abnormalities were associated with cyclosporine therapy. Echocardiography demonstrated normal LVMI in 93% of patients, although LVMI was higher than in healthy control subjects. Cardiac troponin I was normal in all patients, but N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide was elevated in 35% and was associated with LVMI and renal function. Although present cardiac status is relatively normal in pediatric renal transplantation patients, cardiac risk factors are common, and strategies to prevent cardiovascular disease need to be developed.

This study ascertained serum vitamin B12 levels among patients with Gaucher disease and among healthy Israelis. Serum B12 and metabolites' levels were studied in consecutive adult patients with Gaucher disease not treated with enzyme plus Ashkenazi Jewish neighbour‐controls, together with healthy blood‐donor volunteers of various ethnicities. Each group showed a high incidence of low serum B12 concentrations, with a 22·3% incidence among Ashkenazi Jews and 40% among patients with Gaucher disease. These findings raise questions on the individual and community levels of serum B12. We recommend evaluation of B12 levels among geographically contingent peoples.

Albumin appears to have no positive effect on OHSS or conception rates, while its use carries the risk of undesirable side effects, including exacerbation of ascites in OHSS, nausea, vomiting, febrile reaction, allergic reaction, anaphylactic shock and risk of virus and prion transmission. We suggest that this form of treatment should not be included in the prevention of OHSS.