No abstract

To fully understand the radiation effects of the atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki among the survivors, radiation from neutron-induced radioisotopes in soil and other materials should be considered in addition to the initial radiation directly received from the bombs. This might be important for evaluating the radiation risks to the people who moved to these cities soon after the detonations and probably inhaled activated radioactive “dust.” Manganese-56 is known to be one of the dominant radioisotopes produced in soil by neutrons. Due to its short physical half-life, 56Mn emits residual radiation during the first hours after explosion. Hence, the biological effects of internal exposure of Wistar rats to 56Mn were investigated in the present study. MnO2 powder was activated by a neutron beam to produce radioactive 56Mn. Rats were divided into four groups: those exposed to 56Mn, to non-radioactive Mn, to 60Co γ rays (2 Gy, whole body), and those not exposed to any additional radiation (control). On days 3, 14, and 60 after exposure, the animals were killed and major organs were dissected and subjected to histopathological analysis. As described in more detail by an accompanying publication, the highest internal radiation dose was observed in the digestive system of the rats, followed by the lungs. It was found that the number of mitotic cells increased in the small intestine on day 3 after 56Mn and 60Co exposure, and this change persisted only in 56Mn-exposed animals. Lung tissue was severely damaged only by exposure to 56Mn, despite a rather low radiation dose (less than 0.1 Gy). These data suggest that internal exposure to 56Mn has a significant biological impact on the lungs and small intestine.

No abstract

No abstract

BACKGROUND: Abdominal obesity, usually measured by waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio, is more closely related to metabolic dysfunctions that are associated with cardiovascular diseases than general obesity, which is usually assessed by body mass index. The purpose of our study was to study the distribution of alleles and genotypes AGTR1, AGТ, LPL and ADRB2 among adolescents of the Kazakh population and to identify the relationship of these genes with predictors of obesity. METHODS: The study involved 184 adolescents aged 15-18 years of the Kazakh population. RESULTS: As a result of the study, it was revealed that the G allele of the rs328 polymorphism of the LPL gene reduces the risk of developing abdominal obesity compared to the C allele.The C/G genotype reduces the risk of developing abdominal obesity. We have identifi ed among the studied adolescents of the Kazakh population an increase in the ratio of waist volume (WV) to hip volume (HV) among boys, which may in the future lead to obesity and cardiovascular diseases in general. CONCLUSION: It was also found that the G allele of the rs328 polymorphism of the LPL gene reduces the risk of abdominal obesity. Therefore, in addition to determining BMI, we recommend determining the ratio WV to HP. It was found that an increase in the ratio of WV/HV by 1 cm increases the chance of developing hypoapolipoproteinemia A1 (Tab. 4, Fig. 1, Ref. 23).