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A heterostructure system based on zinc oxide (ZnO), Gold (Au), and polyaniline polymer (PANI) nanoparticles has been developed to provide an efficient and effective photoelectrochemical energy conversion system. The ZnO/Au/PANI heterostructure system promotes Au as a mediator for electron transfer from the PANI conduction band to the ZnO valence band. A state of electrons being excited has resulted in the photons' charge transfer, which accumulated in ZnO and the holes concentrated in PANI. In this study, we investigated the effect of the deposition time of Au on ZnO/Au/PANI film on photoelectrochemical (PEC) performance. ZnO/Au/PANI films were prepared using spin-coating and DC-Sputtering methods for Au deposition. We found that the effect deposition time of Au in the ZnO/Au/PANI film heterostructural system shows good reduction-oxidation and photocatalytic activity due to the vibration of O-H bond groups in the film.

The problem of ozone depletion lies behind the importance of developing a photodetector device, which is used as a preliminary detection step against the risk of solar radiation. At present, hybrid photodetectors are a major concern because they have detection and operational advantages over conventional photodetectors. In this study, we investigated the optical properties and photoresponse of hybrid ZnO/graphene (HZG) systems, of which ZnO nanorod (ZnO NR) was used in the system. Investigations were carried out using spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) and solar simulators. The results of SE fittings with the effective medium approximation (EMA) method confirmed that the length of ZnO NR was 27.81, 42.67, and 220.46 nm respectively. We note that increasing the size of ZnO NR promotes light absorption to increase significantly. Furthermore, the relationship between light absorption and HZG photoresponse was discussed using a comprehensive analysis.