Nowadays, the exploration of natural substances as an antifertility agent is the new paradigm in controlling the production and physiological performance of male and female germ cells. Natural antifertility agents have fewer side effects compared to chemical synthetic antifertility. Among that, the propolis extract was improved the reproductive performance through increasing sperm and male gonadotropic hormone activity. However, the discrepancy remains. Even though the action of testosterone has an essential role during spermatogenesis. However, the higher level of this hormone was also suggested to correlate with infertility. Thus, the circulating testosterone levels can be used as an additional parameter for monitoring reproductive system disorders. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of Propolis extract on testosterone hormone levels of Balb C mice (Mus musculus). Male Balb C strain mice (Mus musculus) with age of 10-12 weeks and weight of 25-29 g were used. There were six kinds of treatments were approved, including a control group and five serial dilutions of the propolis extract (2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, and 12.5% ). The propolis extract was given peroral for 18 days. Mice were dissected on the 19th day, and its blood was taken to count the levels of testosterone. The quantification of circulating testosterone levels was carried out by using the ELISA test. The data were analyzed by one way ANOVA and followed by LSD test. Testosterone level began to increase at 10% concentrations of propolis extract. It can be concluded that Propolis Extract can increase testosterone levels. Thus, it is expected to serve as a potential male anti-fertility agent.

The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of decoction of pulutan leaves simplicia (Urena lobata L.) on the development of the uterus of Balb C mice (Mus musculus). Female mice aged 10-12 weeks were given decoction of pulutan leaves simplicia with concentration of 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 12.5%, 15%, and control. The administration of pulutan leaves was performed by gavage for 11 consecutive days. On day 12, mice were dissected, then, the uterus was taken for histological preparations using paraffin method. Data such as uterine diameter and myometrium and epimetrium thickness were analyzed using one way analysis of variance followed by least significant different. The results showed that decoction of pulutan leaves simplicia decrease the uterine diameter and epimetrium and myometrium thickness compared to control. The decrease of uterine diameter and uterine myometrium and epimetrium thickness was started at the concentration of 7.5%. Decoction of pulutan leaves simplicia could reduce uterine diameter and thickness of uterine myometrium and epimetrium, thus, it might decrease the uterine function as the site of implantation. The decline in the function of the uterus might decrease the number of born children, thus decoction of pulutan leaves simplicia is potential as antifertility agent. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRAKTujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh rebusan simplisia daun pulutan (Urena lobata L.) terhadap perkembangan uterus mencit (Mus musculus) Balb C. Mencit betina umur 10-12 minggu diberi rebusan simplisia daun pulutan dengan konsentrasi 5%; 7,5%; 10%; 12,5%; 15%; dan kontrol. Pemberian dilakukan secara gavage selama 11 hari. Setelah perlakuan pada hari ke 12, mencit dibedah, uterus diambil untuk dibuat sediaan histologi dengan metode parafin. Data berupa diameter uterus dan katebalan epimetrium+miometrium dianalisis dengan analisis varian tunggal dilanjutkan dengan uji beda nyata terkecil. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rebusan simplisia daun pulutan menyebabkan diameter uterus dan ketebalan epimetrium-endometrium menjadi lebih rendah dan berbeda dengan kontrol. Konsentrasi yang mulai menurunkan diameter uterus dan ketebalan epimetrium+miometrium adalah konsentrasi 7,5%. Rebusan simplisia daun pulutan dapat menurunkan diameter uterus dan ketebalan epimetrium+miometrium sehingga dimungkinkan dapat menurunkan fungsi uterus sebagai tempat implantasi. Penurunan fungsi uterus dapat menurunkan jumlah anak yang dilahirkan, dengan demikian rebusan simplisia daun pulutan berpotensi sebagai bahan anti fertilitas. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Kata kunci: ketebalan epimetrium, mencit, ketebalan miometrium, pulutan, diameter uterus

Keterbatasan media pembelajaran di SMA Nasional Malang ditunjukkan dengan sekolah hanya menyediakan buku paket sebagai media pembelajaran. Melihat adanya fasilitas laboratorium komputer yang memadai maka dapat dilakukan penelitian pengembangan Multimedia Interaktif Berbasis adobe flash CS6. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menghasilkan multimedia interaktif, menguji kelayakan multimedia interaktif, menguji kepraktisan multimedia interaktif, dan menguji keefektifan multimedia interaktif berbasis adobe flash CS6. Metode penelitian pengembangan dengan model Lee & Owens. Uji coba dilakukan melalui validasi ahli materi, ahli media, praktisi lapangan dan uji coba. Implementasi dilakukan kepada 21 siswa SMA Nasional Malang. Hasil penilaian ahli materi 100%, ahli media 98,33%, praktisi lapangan 100%, dan uji coba 86,85%, artinya produk produk multimedia valid, praktis, dan efektif untuk digunakan.

Abstrak. Penggunaan powerpoint dapat dikembangkan lebih dinamis dan komunikatif dalam bentuk powerpoint interaktif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kelayakan powerpoint interaktif sebagai media pembelajaran pada submateri peran tumbuhan di bidang ekonomi dengan optimalisasi ubi jalar ungu. Metode penelitian menggunakan deskriptif kuantitatif dan analisis data menggunakan perhitungan RTVTK. Validasi media powerpoint interaktif dilakukan oleh tiga orang ahli materi dengan tiga aspek dan sembilan kriteria penilaian dan tiga orang ahli media dengan enam aspek dan 14 kriteria penilaian. Hasil validasi mendapatkan rata – rata total validasi (RTVTK) ahli materi sebesar 3,40 dan ahli media sebesar 3,80. Penilaian ini dinyatakan valid karena memenuhi kriteria kevalidan yaitu 3≤RTVTK≤4. Dengan demikian, powerpoint interaktif layak digunakan sebagai media pembelajaran pada submateri peran tumbuhan di bidang ekonomi kelas X SMA.Abstract: Powerpoint usage can be developed more dynamic and communicative into the form a interactive powerpoint. This study aimed to determine the feasibility of interactive powerpoints as a learning medium in the sub-materials of the plant roles in the economic field with optimizing purple sweet potato. The research method used quantitatively descriptive and data were analyzed using RTVTK calculations. The media validation was carried out by three material experts with three aspects and nine assessment criteria and by three media experts with six aspects and 14 assessment criteria. The validation results obtend the average total validation (RTVTK) of material experts of 3.40 and media experts of 3.80. This assessment was declared valid because it met the validity criteria, which was 3≤RTVTK≤4. Thus, interactive powerpoint is suitable to use as a learning medium in the sub-material of the plant roles in the economy at class X SMA.

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