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IntroductionAfter insertion into the bone, implants osseointegrate, which is required for their long-term success. However, inflammation and infection around the implants may lead to implant failure leading to peri-implantitis and loss of supporting bone, which may eventually lead to failure of implant. Surface chemistry of the implant and lack of cleanliness on the part of the patient are related to peri-implantitis. The only way to get rid of this infection is decontamination of dental implants.ObjectiveThis systematic review intended to study decontamination of microbial biofilm methods on titanium implant surfaces used in dentistry.MethodsThe electronic databases Springer Link, Science Direct, and PubMed were explored from their inception until December 2020 to identify relevant studies. Studies included had to evaluate the efficiency of new strategies either to prevent formation of biofilm or to treat matured biofilm on dental implant surfaces.Results and DiscussionIn this systematic review, 17 different groups of decontamination methods were summarized from 116 studies. The decontamination methods included coating materials, mechanical cleaning, laser treatment, photodynamic therapy, air polishing, anodizing treatment, radiation, sonication, thermal treatment, ultrasound treatment, chemical treatment, electrochemical treatment, antimicrobial drugs, argon treatment, and probiotics.ConclusionThe findings suggest that most of the decontamination methods were effective in preventing the formation of biofilm and in decontaminating established biofilm on dental implants. This narrative review provides a summary of methods for future research in the development of new dental implants and decontamination techniques.

To compare the different surface topographies of titanium implants used in dentistry against the formation of bacterial biofilm. To identify relevant studies, the electronic databases PubMed, Science Direct and Springer Link were searched from inception until January 2019. A total of 38 studies were selected for the systematic review (n = 38). The most commonly used titanium surfaces were machined titanium (16.3%), sandblasted, large-grit, acid-etched titanium (10.9%), untreated or pure titanium (10.9%), polished titanium (9.8%), physically textured titanium (9.8%), acid-etched titanium (8.7%) and anodized titanium (5.4%). The majority of the studies (78.9%) found that surface topographies (with varying degrees of roughness) had a beneficial effect on the ability to allow low bacterial biofilm on the surfaces. A low roughness value (R a) of below 1 µm was found in 68% of these surfaces. Overall, no specific surface topography was found to be the ideal surface in allowing the least bacterial biofilm attachment. In this study, meta-analysis was not performed. This narrative systematic review provides a summary of the effects of surface topographies for future research and development of new dental implant surfaces and decontamination techniques.

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Faktor von Willebrand (vWF) adalah glikoprotein multimerik besar yang dikeluarkan secara normal oleh sel-sel endotelial otak dan ianya wujud sebagai protein beredar di dalam darah tetapi struktur asal dan matang vWF tidak terbahagi. Jangkitan pneumokokus boleh menyebabkan pembelahan protein, sehingga membentuk beberapa multimer dengan saiz yang berbeza. Kajian ini telah menguji hipotesis adakah jangkamasa jangkitan Streptococcus pneumoniae boleh menentukan pembentukan saiz vWF. Sel-sel endotelial otak tikus (bEnd.3) telah dijangkiti pada waktu tertentu dengan Streptococcus pneumoniae (serotype 19F). Mikroskopi immunofluoresensi telah dilakukan dan dianalisa dengan sewajarnya. Sel-sel juga diekstrak dan kandungan protein telah dipisahkan ke dalam saiz yang berbeza dengan menggunakan Western blot. Ekspresi vWF kemudian dianalisa dan dibandingkan antara sampel dan antara jangkamasa jangkitan tertentu. Pengeluaran vWF adalah didapati meningkat semasa jangkitan. Walaupun pelbagai perkara tidak spesifik boleh menyebabkan pembahagian vWF, kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa bentuk pembahagian vWF adalah berkemungkinan bergantung pada jangkamasa jangkitan bakteria ini.