The effect of different surface topographies of titanium implants on bacterial biofilm: a systematic review

Abstract

To compare the different surface topographies of titanium implants used in dentistry against the formation of bacterial biofilm. To identify relevant studies, the electronic databases PubMed, Science Direct and Springer Link were searched from inception until January 2019. A total of 38 studies were selected for the systematic review (n = 38). The most commonly used titanium surfaces were machined titanium (16.3%), sandblasted, large-grit, acid-etched titanium (10.9%), untreated or pure titanium (10.9%), polished titanium (9.8%), physically textured titanium (9.8%), acid-etched titanium (8.7%) and anodized titanium (5.4%). The majority of the studies (78.9%) found that surface topographies (with varying degrees of roughness) had a beneficial effect on the ability to allow low bacterial biofilm on the surfaces. A low roughness value (R a) of below 1 µm was found in 68% of these surfaces. Overall, no specific surface topography was found to be the ideal surface in allowing the least bacterial biofilm attachment. In this study, meta-analysis was not performed. This narrative systematic review provides a summary of the effects of surface topographies for future research and development of new dental implant surfaces and decontamination techniques.

The Effects of Ultrasonic Scaling and Air-Abrasive Powders on the Decontamination of 9 Implant-Abutment Surfaces: Scanning Electron Analysis and In Vitro Study

“…Low contamination was shown when Sa was less than 0.6, whereas an increase in the Sa value results in a saturation process with a higher presence of bacteria. This agrees with a review of Dhaliwal et al, which [23] showed that the topographies have a beneficial effect on the bacterial colonization [24,25]. Bacterial colonization is reduced in machined titanium implants than in zirconia and other sandblasted and acid-etched surfaces [26,27].…”

Does Bacterial Elasticity Affect Adhesion to Polymer Fibers?

“…Studies have established several premises that predict increased or decreased bacterial adhesion to particular substrates. However, the results of many of these studies are controversial. , Several works have studied the effect of the topography of substrates prepared by lithography, which produces regular patterns at the micro- and nanoscales, such as grooves, pits, pillars, and honeycombs, among others. − Surfaces with microscale patterns have increased bacterial adhesion, which is attributed to more contact surface and less shear force under a moving fluid . These studies have shown that bacteria tend to bind preferentially to patterns in the micrometer range rather than to smooth surfaces.…”

Contamination of titanium dental implants: a narrative review

“…Currently, a growing amount of evidence [5,6] suggests that the implant surface topography and chemistry has great influence on the osseointegration process by affecting protein signalling and cell migration or differentiation. Bone-implant contact area, mechanical interlocking and stress distribution are recognisably better in surfaces with a certain degree of roughness in comparison to smooth ones, favouring osteoblast-like cell colonisation [7].…”