This study aims to prove the type and abundance of macrozoobenthos are affected by the physico-chemical condition of the habitat so that it can be used as a bioindicator in assessing river water quality with a case study in the Upstream of Citarum River. The method used in this study consists of two stages, namely determining the status of river quality with pollution index and determining the components to see the relationship of the water quality parameters to the abundance of macrozoobenthos with principal component analysis. On the basis of these studies, the results were that at the location of the study status of the river quality is slightly polluted and mildly polluted. For the slightly polluted status Corbicula sp. was used as the dominant macrozoobenthos parameter with the parameters of dissolved oxygen, organic carbon and N-O in the clay-dominated sediments. In turn, for the river areas with mild pollution, Enallagma sp., Tubifex sp., and Chironomous sp. were used as bioindicators and they have a relationship with the parameters of nitrate, TSS, and P-total.

This study was aimed to identify physicochemical and biological determinant parameters in assessing the ecological status of the upstream area of CitarumRiver during the dry and rainy season. This study consisted of two steps: 1) Principle Component Analysis to classify environmental parameters and select the determinant environmental parameters significantly affecting the status, and 2) matrix arrangements using the selected determinant parameters for ecological status assessment. The PCA results showed that during the dry season, genera macrozoobenthic and physicochemical parameters grouped the slightly-quite-moderately polluted status. In the rainy season, macrozoobenthic and physicochemical parameter grouped the quite-moderately polluted status. Based on the selected determinant parameters, it could be stated that 1) Leuctra sp., Perlesta sp, and total sediment nitrogen determine the slightly polluted status, 2) Baetis sp., Sulcospira sp., conductivity, and NO3-determine the quite polluted status, 3) Lumbriculus sp., Chironomus sp., NO2, silt, and BOD determine the moderately polluted status. While the determinants during the rainy season in quite and moderately polluted location were: 1) Hydropsyche sp., Rhyacophila sp. and gravel in the quite polluted status, 2) Placobdella sp., Tubifex sp., TSS and NH3 in the polluted status. The assessment matrix arranged using determinant parameters were able to determine the ecological status of the Citarum upstream in the rainy (quite-moderately polluted) and the dry season (slightly-quite-moderately polluted).

This research aims to develop an assessment tool of ecological status in the upstream area using macrozoobenthic community and its relationship to the physicochemical parameters of water and sediment, in Citarum River. The number of species and abundance of macrozoobenthos in the dry season was higher compared to rainy season. The predominant family (Pachychilidae, Hydropsychidae, Glossiphonidae, and Chironomidae) obtained in both season was significantly correlated with the physicochemical parameter. Based on the Shannon-Wiener index, diversity in upstream area of Citarum River during the dry season (1.68) was similar with the rainy season (1.80) and it showed that the diversity of macrozoobenthic community was moderately diverse in both seasons. The physicochemical parameters that strongly related with the presence and abundance of predominant macrozoobenthic taxa were turbidity, total suspended solid (TSS), total nitrogen, total phosphate, gravel particle, and organic carbon. By considering biological and physicochemical parameters obtained from this study, we developed a modified scoring system to assess the ecological status of upstream area in Citarum River. Based on the scoring system, the ecological status was quite polluted in dry season (2.19) and moderately polluted in rainy season (4.94).

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