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Covid-19 pandemic may pose a factor that reduces learners’ motivation. The present study aims to investigate the differences between demotivation factors of public and private high school EFL learners during the Covid-19 pandemic. The present study applies a quantitative method to obtain its data by distributing a set of questionnaires adapted from Sakai and Kikuchi (2009) to 61 high school students from public and private high schools. The findings indicate that both groups of learners are mostly demotivated by inadequate school facilities, test scores, and teachers’ competence and teaching styles. It can be said that despite the differences in teaching location, learners may be demotivated by the same variables. Therefore, it seems imperative for teachers and teaching institutions to provide better school facilities, reduce learners’ anxiety during tests, and improve teachers’ competence and teaching styles to overcome students’ demotivation.  DOI: 10.26905/enjourme.v6i2.6519

Tulisan ini menganalisis gambaran imperialisasi dan kolonialisasi pulau Jawa abad ke -19 dalam Travel Writing : A Visit to Java karya william Basil Worsfold. Analisis tersebut bertujuan untuk memberi gambaran tentang imperialisasi dan kolonialisasi yang dilakukan bangsa Eropa terutama Belanda di Jawa. Dengan menggunakan pandangan Edward William Said tentang wacana Timur-Barat dan definisi tentang imperialisme serta teori representasi Stuart Hall, dapat disimpulkan bahwa bangsa Eropa terutama Belanda melakukan praktek imperialisme dan kolonialisasi dengan mendominasi, merekonstruksi, dan menguasai pulau Jawa yang kaya sumber daya alam. Bangsa Eropa mendirikan pusat pemerintahan dan perdagangan, mendirikan pusat pembibitan tanaman, menguasai tanah dan melakukan kegiatan tanam paksa, membanggun fasilitas jalan untuk mengangkut hasil-hasil perkebunan, mendirikan pabrik, dan menjual hasilnya ke luar negeri terutama negara-negara Eropa.  Kata kunci : travel writing, imperialisasi, dominasi, rekonstruksi, wacana Timur - Barat