This article presents the results of industrial tests of the technology of sorption, precipitation and extraction purification of the concentrate of rare earth elements (REE) from radioactive decay products of the uranium and thorium series. It has been shown that the combination of sorption, selective precipitation, and extraction processes makes it possible to effectively purify REE from U, Th, Po, Ra, RaD, and Ac and to obtain radiation-safe nitrogencontaining solutions for the production of fertilizers and individual REE.
Проведён анализ областей применения редкоземельных металлов (РЗМ) для получения высокопрочного чугуна и конструкционных сталей. Раз-работаны физико-химические основы промышленной технологии и обо-рудование для получения сплавов РЗМ на основе СВС-процесса методом внепечной металлотермии. Получены однородные слитки многокомпо-нентных сплавов РЗМ для легирования чугуна и стали.Ключевые слова: сплавы РЗМ, восстановительная плавка, СВС-процесс, фториды, оксиды, кальций, алюминий, никель, реактор, скорость горе-ния.Проведено аналізу областей застосування рідкісноземельних металів (РЗМ) для одержання високоміцного чавуну та конструкційних сталей. Розроблено фізико-хемічні основи промислової технології й устаткування для одержання стопів РЗМ на основі СВС-процесу методою позапічної ме-талотермії. Одержано однорідні зливки багатокомпонентних стопів РЗМ для леґування чавуну та сталі.Ключові слова: стопи РЗМ, відновне топлення, СВС-процес, фториди, ок-
When uranium is extracted from concentrates with high silicon content, acid leaching is usually used. The disadvantage of this method is the high consumption, high cost and corrosion activity of the reagents. Moreover, for the oxidation of tetravalent uranium to highly soluble hexavalent uranium, it is necessary to process it with oxidizing agents, for example, oxygen. The work shows the possibility of development and chemical concentration of uranium ores using electrolysis of sodium sulfate. During electrolysis the pH in the anode chambers ranges from 2.2…2.5 to 0.5…0.7 in the near-electrode layer of the electrolyte, which corresponds to the pH range during leaching in agitators. Oxygen released at the anode is able to oxidize uranium to hexavalent one.
In 1986In -1987 in Ukraine, the UE-177RL electron-beam device is tested to process ingots of hafnium with the productivity of 10 tons/year. Wasteless processes of cutting and refining the ingot surface with an electron beam successfully replace cutting the ingot on a planer with a cutter and processing the surface of the hafnium ingot on a lathe. This makes it possible to increase the yield of hafnium from the alloy by 8-12%, depending on the geometry of the ingot, to reduce the amount of chips, to remove the surface defects of the ingot, to obtain a melted layer corresponding to ASTM.
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