Introduction. In the structure of cardiac neoplasms, myxoma accounts for 80–90% of benign heart tumors. The frequency of diagnosis of primary heart tumors (PHT), of which more than 80% are morphologically benign tumors, ranges from 0.09% to 1.9% of the total number of hospitalized patients. The aim of the study is to identify important issues of diagnosis and tactics of the surgical treatment of primary heart tumors. Material and methods. At the In Amosov Institute of Cardiovascular Surgery of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine for the period from January 1, 1969 to January 1, 2019, 962 patients operated due to primary cardiac tumors. The myxomas of heart (MH) founded in 856 (89.0%) patients, of which in 752 (87.8%) cases – MH of left atrium (LA). The right atrial myxomas (RA) were diagnosed in 77 (9.0%) cases, MH in the left (LV) and in the right (RV) ventricles each in 8 (0.9%) cases, respectively. Multicentric tumor growth with the damage of two or three chambers of the heart was found in 11 (1.3%) patients. The age of patients with MH was from 3 to 78 years old (the middle age 47.5 ± 3.4), of which 621 (72.6%) were between 31 and 60 years old. Non-myxomic benign tumors were observed in 37 (3.9%) cases, malignant tumors – in 67 (7.0%) cases. Results and discussion. The III and IV functional classes according to the NYHA classification included 311 (36.3%) and 73 (8.5%) patients, respectively, which in these groups often required urgent surgical treatment. Hospital mortality over the past 19 years was 0% in the surgical treatment of MH, namely, 493 operations performed without lethal outcomes. Conclusions. The accepted tactics of emergency diagnosis and surgical intervention ensures the effectiveness of treatment with MH, as evidenced by the data of long-term results: 574 (78.3%) patients assigned to the NYHA functional class I, and 108 (14.8%) patients to NYHA functional class II. Survival rate up to 20 years was 79.8%.
Частота діагностики первинних пухлин серця (ППС), з яких понад 80% є морфологічно доброякісними пухлинами, становить 0,09–1,9% у загальному числі госпіталізованих хворих. У структурі серцевих новоутворювань міксоми становлять 80–90% доброякісних пухлин серця. Мета дослідження – визначити особливості тактики діагностики і хірургічного лікування первинних пухлин серця. Матеріали і методи. У ДУ НІССХ імені М. М. Амосова НАМН України за період з 1.01.1969 по 1.01.2019 рр. 939 пацієнтів було прооперовано з приводу первинних пухлин серця. Міксоми серця (МС) виявлені у 838 (89,2%) хворих, із них у 738 (88,1%) випадках – МС лівого передсердя (ЛП). Міксоми правого передсердя (ПП) визначалися в 73 (8,7%) спостереженнях, МС у лівому (ЛШ) і в правому (ПЖ) шлуночку – по 8 (1,0%) випадків відповідно. Мультицентричне зростання пухлини з ураженням двох або трьох камер серця було виявлено в 11 (1,3%) хворих. Вік хворих із МС склав від 3 до 78 років (у середньому 47,5±3,4 р.), вік 608 (72,5%) пацієнтів становив від 31 до 60 років. Неміксомні доброякісні пухлини спостерігалися в 35 (3,7%) випадках. Злоякісні пухлини спостерігалися в 66 (7,0%) випадках. Результати. До III і IV функціональних класів за класифікацією NYHA були віднесені 304 (36,3%) і 71 (8,5%) пацієнт відповідно, що в цих групах часто потребувало невідкладного хірургічного лікування. Госпітальна летальність за останні 18 років склала 0% при хірургічному лікуванні МС, тобто 475 операцій виконано без летальних наслідків. Висновки. Прийнята тактика невідкладної діагностики та хірургічного втручання забезпечує ефективність лікування міксом серця, що підтверджується даними віддалених результатів: у I ФК NYHA знаходилися 626 (78,4%) пацієнтів, у II ФК – 118 (14,6%) пацієнтів; виживання пацієнтів у терміни до 20 років становило 79,7%.
The aim – to analyze the frequency and nature of lesions of the valve apparatus, to evaluate the results of surgical correction of the affected valves in heart myxomas. Materials and methods. In one-centre study, during period from 01.01.1969 to 01.10.2020, 962 patients with morphologically verified primary heart tumors were observed. Myxomas of the heart were found in 856 (89.0 %) patients. The pathology of the valve apparatus in combination with cardiac myxomas was noted in 70 (8.1 %) patients. The volume and nature of valve damage differed and depended on size, consistency and localization of myxoma, the degree of its mobility, and the presence of areas of pronounced fibrosis and calcification on the tumor. Results. Surgical correction of lesions of valve structures was performed in 65 patients. In 5 patients, it was possible to remove tumor tissue from the valve apparatus, followed by prevention of disease recurrence without damaging valve and subvalvular structures. Surgical techniques included both plastic manipulation and valve replacement. The features of the long-term postoperative period in such patients include progressive valve dysfunction manifested by the progression of insufficiency due to further deformation of the valve apparatus. Conclusions. Alongside with myxoma removal, it is necessary to conduct a thorough examination of the valve apparatus and correction of valve damage by various methods, including plastic surgery and valve replacement, depending on the nature and severity of the damage. Key words: cardiac tumors, myxoma, valve structures, surgical treatment.
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