Cadmium salts are among the TOP-20 of the most dangerous compounds for animals in terms of toxicity. At the same time, today there is a paradigm shift in the studies of cadmium effects: in contrast to the acute effects of intoxication, more importance and practical relevance is attained by studying the continued chronic exposure to small cadmium doses (Chronic Low Cd Exposure) which can take place in real environmental conditions of industrially polluted regions and already impacts about 10% of the world population. While the early changes in kidneys and marker parameters of the urinary system under the action of cadmium are being studied quite actively, cadmium effects on other organs and systems in the body are insufficiently investigated. The purpose of the study was to analyse the multiple effects of cadmium on liver function, osteogenesis, haematopoiesis, and haemostasis in animals and humans. Protective mechanisms that reduce cadmium accumulation in hepatocytes compared to renal cells, in particular, the role of cellular transporters of biogenic metal ions (Fe2+, Zn2+, Mn2+, Cu2+), are systematized. Results and discussion. Cadmium mostly uses divalent metal transporter 1 and Zrt/Irt-like transporters, such as ZIP8 and ZIP14. Given the role of liver in the chelation and deposition of cadmium in the form of complexes with metallothioneins and glutathione, the significant potential of chelating and antioxidant hepatoprotectants to reduce negative effects is suggested. The role of exogenous chemical chelators and antioxidants in detoxifying cadmium is supported by the studies of other cadmium-binding molecules (glutathione, polyphenols, anthocyanins). Both direct effects of cadmium on the osteogenesis and calcium metabolism, and indirect effects on osteoblasts and osteoclasts are considered. In particular, current data on cadmium role in the development of endemic disease Itai-Itai in Japan is discussed. Notably, cadmium effect in children has a special hazards and long-term consequences. Data on cadmium role in interfering Ca2+ metabolism, particularly its effects on epithelial calcium channels (TRPV5) and Na-phosphate co-transporters (SLC34A1) are summarized. Conclusion. Current data suggest that chronic effects of cadmium in ultra-low concentrations upon the osteogenesis are even more evident than in renal system. A review of current data on cadmium effects upon the hematopoietic system in animal models is presented. The earliest studies found relation between cadmium and haemoglobin decrease, which could be mediated by interfering with intracellular Fe traffic, and effects on erythropoietin synthesis. Cadmium affected haemostasis and increased platelet aggregation. Animal studies suggest that chronic cadmium toxicity leads to hypercoagulation and increases the risks of thrombosis. Based on the summarized data, it is concluded that the investigating cadmium effects on hematopoiesis and hemostasis is a promising area for further studies of chronic low-dose cadmium exposure

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У статті розглядаються результати експерименту зі штучного введення Сd в організм лабораторних щурів. Встановлені деякі механізми процесів взаємодії полютанту з іншими мікроелементами, його виведення з організму з екскреціями, шляхи та механізми цього процесу, його об'єми та особливості. Надається конкретна інформація про кількість екскрецій упродовж експерименту, добовий об'єм виведення полютанту, кореляційні зв'язки з іншими показниками. Аналізується зв'язок між кількістю виділеного кадмію та об'ємом екскрецій і концентрацій у них полютанту.Ключові слова: кадмій, виведення, екскреції, концентрація, кореляція. O.А. Zemlianyi CADMIUM EXCRETION IN FECES OF RATS AT EXPERIMENTAL CONDITIONS Oles Gonchar Dnipropetrovsk National University, Dnіpropetrovsk, UkraineStudies demonstrated that the excretions per 1 gof rat weight inthe experimental group usually prevails over the control group, especially in the second part of the experiment. The increase in the amount of feces in animals of the experimental group was also registered. Such processes may indicate the intense excretory processes and increase the output of harmful pollutants from the rats together with overall stimulation of rat digestive activity.The higher correlations between Cd and other pollutants, namely toxic Ni and Pb (r = 0.84 and 0.91, respectively) were calculated for rat feces of experimental group compared to the control.The concentration of Cd and Pb in the excretion of experimental group was maximal in the first day of the experiment, suggesting definite reaction towards rapid output of maximum amount of toxicants from rat body. Subsequently, a decrease in concentration of other pollutants demonstrated their incorporation in metabolic processes and significant accumulation in rat body (kidney and liver), or involvement of other mechanisms for neutralization and removal of intoxicants. Given the increasing amount of excretions in the second half of the experiment, this may be a solution to this issue.The Cd output per 1 g of rat weight was maximal in the first day, followed by a rapid decline and partial restoration in second half of the experiment. Obviously, it confirms the theory of substitution mechanisms in excretion of significant amount of hazardous toxicants and shifting towards less concentrated excretions in greater amount.Thus, the correlation index between the percentage of excreted pollutant and its concentration in the excretion was 0.75. When we considered only the first 7 days this increased to 0.91 and proved that during the first stage of experiment the percentage of pollutants excretion was dependent upon its concentration in feces. Correlation between Cd