This study is focused on the very high dynamic imaging field, specifically the direct observation of exoplanetary systems. The coronagraph is an essential technique for suppressing the star’s light, making it possible to detect an exoplanet with a very weak luminosity compared to its host star. Apodization improves the rejection of the coronagraph, thereby increasing its sensitivity. This work presents the apodization method by interferometry using homothety, with either a rectangular or circular aperture. We discuss the principle method, the proposed experimental setup, and present the obtained results by optimizing the free parameters of the system while concentrating the maximum of the light energy in the central diffraction lobe, with a concentration rate of 93.6% for the circular aperture and 91.5% for the rectangular geometry. The obtained results enabled scaling the various elements of the experiment in accordance with practical constraints. Simulation results are presented for both circular and rectangular apertures. We performed simulations on a hexagonal aperture, both with and without a central obstruction, as well as a segmented aperture similar to the one used in the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT). This approach enables the attainment of a contrast of approximately 10−4 at small angular separations, specifically around 1.8λ/D. When integrated with a coronagraph, this technique exhibits great promise. These findings confirm that our proposed technique can effectively enhance the performance of a coronagraph.

In this paper we describe a two‐dimensional apodization of a circular aperture produced by interferometry. The light that is diffracted by a circular aperture is split into two beams of different amplitudes, where one of them has undergone a homothety to change its radial dimensions using an afocal optical system. The two beams are then combined coherently to form an apodized point‐spread function (PSF). This procedure allows us to reduce the diffraction wings of the PSF, with different reduction factors depending on the combination of parameters.

In this laboratory experiment, we study the possibility of producing an apodization of the pupil of a telescope using a classical Michelson interferometer. To simulate the star, we successively used a Laser source, a source of spectral light and a source of white light. Our goal is to study the performance of the assembly with polychromatic light. We present the results of experiments carried out with a rectangular aperture using a HeNe Laser and Na spectral light sources.

No abstract