Objective of the Review: To analyse the available information on the potential impact from respiratory support on bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) development in extremely premature children with functional ductus arteriosus. Key Points. In recent decade, the problem of premature children has become very acute as a result of introduction of the new live birth criteria. The most common complication of a premature birth is BPD because of the morphofunctional immaturity of an extremely premature child. BPD is diagnosed in approximately 20% of newborns with the gestational age (GA) of less than 30 weeks and body weight of less than 1,500g; and in over 40% of newborns with GA of less than 28 weeks. Children with extremely low body weight (500–999g) and low body weight (1,000–1,499g) at birth have BPD in 35–80%, and 7–30% of cases, respectively. One problem aggravating the condition of premature children is a haemodynamically functional patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), the prevalence of which is in inverse relation to GA. Conclusion. The studies demonstrate the correlation between PDA and BPD development. The impact of artificial pulmonary ventilation on the haemodynamical significance of PDA and BPD development needs further evaluation. Keywords: premature children, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, respiratory support, patent ductus arteriosus.