В рамках проекта ПРООН/ГЭФ и Минприроды России созданы база данных и ГИС по биологическому разнообразию Ненецкого автономного округа (НАО), включающие сведения о 2035 видах животных и 1640 видах растений 15 модельных групп. Они были получены из опубликованных и архивных данных, коллекционных и гербарных материалов четырех институтов РАН, а также в результате экспедиционных сборов 2015 г. в трех приморских районах Большеземельской тундры. Установлено, что таксономическое разнообразие биоты НАО в целом не ниже, а по некоторым группам животных выше, чем в других крупных арктических регионах, таких, например, как Таймыр и Гренландия. Описаны новые синтаксоны растительности, установлены некоторые фитогеографические рубежи, выявлены таксоны животных: новые для науки, ранее не отмечавшиеся в НАО и впервые найденные в Европе («сибирские» виды) или в России. Доля видов с преимущественно сибирским, восточнопалеарктическим или сибиро-неарктическим распространением колеблется в отдельных модельных группах от 0% до 30%; доля арктических (в широком смысле) видов варьирует от 0% до 29%. Отмечено удовлетворительное состояние природной среды в округе, ее нарушения до сих пор сугубо локальны. Подтверждена необходимость создания новых особо охраняемых природных территорий. Материалы, полученные в рамках проекта, были привлечены для обоснования заказников в районах Хайпудырской и Паханческой губ, Баренцево море.
Avian breeding colonies are generally in a continuous state of flux, some parts growing whilst others shrink as individuals move within the colony on the search for better nest‐sites. We examined the role of experience in breeding patch choice by individually marked Barnacle Geese Branta leucopsis in a recently established colony in sub‐arctic Russia. Individuals failing to reproduce successfully tended to shift nest location further the following season than did successful pairs, and they did so towards the most dense nest aggregations within the colony, where reproductive success was higher. We suggest that individual decisions on nest‐site choice shape the spatial dynamics of this colony.
The Russian breeding population of barnacle geese Branta leucopsis has shown a rapid increase in numbers since 1980, which has coincided with a southwest-wards breeding range expansion within the Russian Arctic. Here barnacle geese also started to occupy coastal and marsh land habitats, in which they were not know to nest on their traditional breeding grounds. While these changes have been well documented by studies and observations throughout the new breeding range of barnacle geese, observations are lacking from the traditional breeding grounds on Novaya Zemlya, as this area is remote and difficult to access. This is especially relevant given rapid climate warming in this area, which may impact local distribution and population size. We used GPS-tracking and behavioural biologging data from 46 individual barnacle geese captured on their wintering grounds to locate nest sites in the Russian Arctic and study nesting distribution in 2008–2010 and 2018–2020. Extrapolating from nest counts on Kolguev Island, we estimate the breeding population on Novaya Zemlya in 2018–2020 to range around 75,250 pairs although the confidence interval around this estimate was large. A comparison with the historical size of the barnacle goose population suggests an increase in the breeding population on Novaya Zemlya, corresponding with changes in other areas of the breeding range. Our results show that many barnacle geese on Novaya Zemlya currently nest on lowland tundra on Gusinaya Zemlya Peninsula. This region has been occupied by barnacle geese only since 1990 and appears to be mainly available for nesting in years with early spring. Tracking data are a valuable tool to increase our knowledge of remote locations, but counts of breeding individuals or nests are needed to further corroborate estimates of breeding populations based on tracking data.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.