The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion on the part of the NTU, FGI and WTO concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Mention of specific companies or products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by NTU or FGI or WTO or preferred to others that are not mentioned. The names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters. All reasonable precautions have been taken by NTU, FGI and WTO to verify the information contained in this publication. However, this published material is distributed without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied. Responsibility for the interpretation and use of the material lies with the reader. Under no circumstances will NTU or FGI or WTO be liable for damages arising from its use. iii Table of contents Acknowledgements v List of contributors vii Illustrations ix Foreword by Pascal Lamy, Director-General of the WTO xv Preface by Victor K. Fung, Chairman of the Fung Global Institute xix Part I Changing features of global value chains 11 1 Global supply chains: why they emerged, why they matter, and where they are going 13 Richard Baldwin 2 The role of services 61 Patrick Low Part II Why and how we measure trade in value-added terms 83

the coal industry, as well as industrial enterprises of other industries, is char acterized by changes in functioning dictated by digital transformations within the framework of the "Industry 4.0" program, when a "smart" field or a "smart" enterprise is a necessity for the sustainable development of the industry and the country's economy as a whole. Industrial enterprises develop "digital Production" programs, in which at the initial stages it is proposed to form new business models of management based on digital solutions. research in the field of sustainable industrial development and further forms of functioning and interaction of economic entities in the digital environment, allowed us to form a mechanism for sustainable development, customized for a specific in dustry. the article presents a new approach to the formation of a mechanism for the sustainable development of the coal industry based on the resource model and ecosystem interaction. the model of sustainable development for the coal industry is interpreted taking into account the resource component and the interaction of mining and logistics systems, which allows us to build new schemes for resource allocation and optimization of production and logistics operations.

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This article examines a new form of economic activity organisation for industrial enterprises in the context of the digital transformation of the economy. The analysis of networking in the cluster and economic approaches has allowed us to identify the guiding principles of interaction between economic actors, and the resulting effects and “values”. The platform education proposed by the author as an organisational and economic activity form is the digital ecosystem component, which is a spatial and temporal environment for the functioning of enterprises. A scheme for assessing data and process management in this ecosystem has been developed using the metrics proposed by the author. This scheme reflects the production-logistics chain formed in the framework of the actors’ integration in the digital ecosystem.

Снижение смертности населения трудоспособного возраста до 350 случаев на 100 тыс. населения Снижение смертности от болезней системы кровообращения до случаев на 100 тыс. населения Снижение смертности от новообразований, в том числе от злокачественных, до 185 случаев на 100 тыс. населения Снижение младенческой смертности до 4,5 случая на 1 тыс. родившихся детей Ликвидация кадрового дефицита в медицинских организациях, оказывающих первичную медико-санитарную помощь