The paper considers issues of increasing the efficiency of application of measuring expert systems (MES) that solve the problem of reducing power losses of motor and tractor internal combustion engines (ICE) in production conditions due to changes in their technical condition. MES carry out operational control of the energy parameters of the machine and tractor fleet for taking timely repair and maintenance actions. A methodological approach is proposed for creating an automation system for the development of MES, which increases the efficiency of the formation of MES due to the existing expertise in this subject area. The methodological basis of research is a dynamic method for diagnosing ICE. This method uses a test dynamic effect on ICE, which is the most practical for assessing the state of tractor ICE in production conditions, as well as computer modeling of the ICE work processes in order to find informative diagnostic indicators characterizing energy parameters. On the basis of the proposed target function, the software was determined in the form of the model describing a variety of system elements, their features and states, as well as links between them. Information provision was organized, carrying out the functions of collecting, processing and providing information upon request. A method for constructing a logical scheme of the development algorithm MES was formed, which formalizes the process of solving interrelated problems in the synthesis of various structures of hardware and software based on a set of mathematical models. On the example of modeling an ICE unit – a working machine, the effect of varying the input parameters of the model was estimated: torque effects and resistance moments on the diagnostic parameters of the technical state – angular velocities and accelerations. The use of computer modeling of ICE working processes using this methodological approach made it possible to create a digital technology and a measuring system for automated energy monitoring of the tractor fleet of an agricultural enterprise. The computer structural diagrams of ICE and MES models can be used in diagnostic complexes. This will make it possible to increase the accuracy and reliability of determining the state of the internal combustion engine and the mechanisms and working machines aggregated with it, as well as improve the quality of the work they perform.

One of the important ways to increase the efficiency of using machinery and tractors is to ensure operating control of the power capacity of tractors employed in agricultural enterprises. It is shown that power loss of tractors and their decreased traction properties result in increased fuel consumption by 10-15 percent as well as increased operating costs. (Research purpose) To develop a digital technology of assessing the power capacity of the internal combustion engines (ICE) of the tractor fl eet employed in agricultural enterprise and develop a confi guration of software and hardware based on modern information technologies for data collection and processing. (Materials and methods) The authors used a dynamic method of ICE diagnostics using test cyclic eff ects, modeling measurements of a diagnostic signal against the background of hindrances, and an analysis of measuring information for power calculation purposes. A structural diagram of the diagnostic device performing necessary technological operations has been off ered as a result. The authors also conducted pilot studies of using digital technology for assessing the power capacity of the tractor fl eet employed in an agricultural enterprise. (Results and discussion) The authors have developed an algorithm of ICE power calculation in real time taking into account speed considerations and developed a diagnostic device providing data recording, calculation of ICE speed and power characteristics, as well as information support of the entire production cycle. It has been determined that the increased fuel consumption necessary to maintain the rated value of the tractor engine power during the observation period averaged 6525 kilograms per year, and the fuel cost, taking into account the average wholesale price of diesel fuel, reached 206,837 rubles. The authors have shown a possibility of reducing costs required to maintain the detected power deviations due to excessive fuel consumption through timely repair and adjustment-and-control actions. They have evaluated possible directions of further development of the digital technology and devices. (Conclusions) The authors have proposed a digital technology and a diagnostic device for evaluating the power of internal combustion tractor engines under production conditions. The proposed technology and diagnostics device are recommended for use by agricultural enterprises as an operating control instrument of the power supply of fi eld works to ensure the efficient operation of the tractor fl eet and provide for cost reduction.

Рассмотрены вопросы уменьшения погрешности идентификации технического состояния двигателя внутреннего сгорания и его составных частей как объекта экспертизы путем настраивания параметров применяемой в измерительной экспертной системе виртуальной модели ДВС. Для настройки модели предложено применение градиентного метода, обеспечивающего наиболее быструю минимизацию погрешности идентификации Purpose and methods. Improving the accuracy of identification for the technical condition of the internal combustion engine (ICE) in operational conditions using the engine measurement expert system (EMSE) is addressed by adjusting the computer dynamic model of the internal combustion engine. Results. Algorithmic schemes of computer models for the state of the ICE are obtained using the equations of its dynamics, which takes into account the factors such as the movement of the fuel supply body, the force on the hook - the load. The structural schemes of modeling at the input of a step-by-step action are presented. A promising method of tuning the model in the EMSE is proposed, which consists of measuring its working processes, in particular the angular acceleration of the crankshaft, for a specific brand of ICE. Then the corresponding set of models of its technical condition is obtained: normal, permissible, limit, pre-accident and emergency. By adjusting the values of the coefficients of these models in the EMSE, they achieve their coincidence with the actual state of the ICE. The identification error is minimized using the gradient method of steepest descent. The presence of several computer models is a practical advantage in the examination of the technical condition of the tested engines allowing its effective implementation in operational conditions. In this case, based on the experience of operation, the computer model closest to the actual state of the ICE is adjusted. At the same time, the efficiency of localization of ICE malfunctions increases, since the coefficients reflecting the state of the engine components and systems are consistently adjusted. Conclusions. The application of the proposed methodology using the criterion of minimizing the identification error by the gradient method allows implementation of this effective method for identifying the state of the ICE. It increases the reliability of determining the technical state of the ICE and its components by adjusting the computer model

The expediency of operational control of the energy parameters of the agricultural enterprise’s MTP under operating conditions is shown, which allows timely repair and maintenance measures to reduce power losses. An algorithm for automating the monitoring of energy indicators of tractor engines has been developed, including the main technological procedures for each unit of household equipment. An automated system has been formed based on the proposed algorithm and the diagnostic device for energy monitoring of the tractor fleet of the agricultural enterprise developed at SibFTI. The issues of practical application of the system in the agricultural enterprise are considered.