We are developing a method for determining precise displacements based on mutual transverse shift between two diffraction gratings included in optical correlator. Intensity distribution over diffraction orders unambiguously expresses magnitude of the smallest grating displacement.

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Correlation interaction of fields Periodic structures Intensity modulation Diffraction resonances Switching of optical channelsThe possibilities of a system of phase diffraction gratings for the formation of diffraction orders and a way to control their intensity in the desired angular orders are considered. The purpose of the work was to determine the parameters of such systems to obtain the desired changes in the resulting angular spectrum, provided that the energy is effectively converted.A correlation mechanism of diffraction resonance formation was developed when its field is formed due to the interference of several components from different periodic distributions of complex amplitude that form a synthesized resultant field at the original aperture of the system. We used a computer program to calculate the field for a complex system of sequentially placed diffraction gratings with various variable parameters. In particular, they are profile of phase relief, transverse and longitudinal displacements of system components and the periodicity of the component fields.The possibility of using an artificial hologram as a diffraction grating for the purpose of optical information processing is considered. The energy pumping measure for the basic configurations of the diffraction system has been determined as well as the conditions under which almost complete energy pumping can be achieved in the near axial orders. The experimental setup reproduced the conditions and parameters of the values used for simulation. The measured values of the intensity when changing the tuning parameters confirm the calculated data.The obtained results make the basis for their further use in metrological devices and for controlling the spatial and angular distribution of laser energy at technological targets.