The article deals with the problems of fire hazard of electricity-generating equipment during their exploitation. Intensive electrification of industrial and residual objects leads to the saturation of these objects with different electricity-generating equipment. Functioning of such equipment is accompanied with high heat emission and contains significant fire hazard. The electric current in an electrical conductor produces heat, when electric energy turns into thermal. All electrical equipment must be produced in strict adherence to fire safety rules and requirements. Ignoring these requirements causes heating of conductors through all the length, spunking of isolation, sparkling and, as a result, breaking-out of fire. Therefore, reducing the probability of fire even in the cases of abnormal work, wrong exploitation and foreseen refuses is the main task during planning and exploitation of electrical equipment and also during selection of structural materials. The primary purpose of fire prevention measures in the electrical equipment is avoiding of its self-ignition, and localization of fire after the self-ignition of electricity-generating equipment. Fire safety during exploitation of electricity-generating equipment depends on its technical state. Correct choice of conductor cross section is very important. Protection stage of electrical equipment, type of wiring, and cable laying method must comply with environmental conditions and have the proper climatic implementation and placement category. Proper protective devices from a short circuit and overloads must be used. Their operating values must be also foreseen. All above-mentioned measures prevent fires and explosions during exploitation of electrical equipment. Key

У статті розглянуто актуальну проблему інклюзивності будівель та споруд в контексті забезпечення безпеки евакуації осіб з обмеженими можливостями в будівлях різного функціонального призначення у разі виникнення пожежі. Згідно із статистичними даними до маломобільних груп належать від 30 до 50% всього населення (МГН). Своєчасна евакуація людей, зокрема МГН із будівель та приміщень в умовах пожежі є основним завданням, вирішити яке потрібно ще під час проектування та в процесі реконструкції будівлі. В свою чергу ефективність евакуації визначається планувальними рішеннями, зокрема кількістю евакуаційних виходів, їх розташуванням (розосереджене), параметрами виходів та шляхів евакуації, а також їх конструктивним виконанням (напрям відкривання дверей, наявність перепадів висот на шляхах евакуації, наявність горючого оздоблення та ін.). На основі проведеного аналізу показано, що при проектуванні об'єктів, доступних для МГН, повинні бути забезпечені: доступність місць цільового відвідування і безперешкодність переміщення всередині будинків і споруд; безпека евакуаційних шляхів, а також місць проживання, обслуговування і праці; своєчасне отримання МГН повноцінної і якісної інформації, яка допоможе орієнтуватися в просторі, використовувати обладнання, отримувати послуги, брати участь у трудовому і навчальному процесах; зручність і комфорт середовища життєдіяльності. Пожежна безпека для людей з обмеженими можливостями має на меті захистити людей у разі пожежі, а також забезпечити безпечний доступ до громадських і приватних будівель для будь-кого. На сьогодні безпека евакуації із будівель і споруд маломобільних груп населення в багатьох випадках ускладнена, а подекуди неможлива, особливо в умовах пожежі.

Over the last year, the number of new buildings in Lviv has increased by 30%. Most of them are the high-rise buildings. In this regard, the problem of fire safety of such buildings appears sharper. In our time, one of the main requirements in building standards is to ensure the life safety. Fire safety is an integral part of the life safety. The main causes of the fires, difficulties of their liquidation, the problems of self-management, the reliability of the systems of fire water supply, fire barriers and the evacuation of people from high-rise buildings were analyzed in the article. The causes of the rapid spread of fires in multi-store buildings were revealed. The analysis of the example of fires clearly shows problems of fire safety, admitted at the stage of construction of the high-rise buildings. The actual situation in such buildings is characterized by the following disadvantages: the fire alarm system often is in an unfit condition because of dismantling of the fire alarm sensors by the residents; the common floor-corridors are blocked by additional partitions, causing difficulties in the work of the smoke exhaust systems; there are no self-closing doors and their sealing in the shelters, which allows smoke to spread freely in the house and creates the preconditions for rapid vertical fire spreading. The protection of people on evacuation routes is provided by a complex of planning, constructive, engineering, technical and organizational measures, such as smoke protection, proper fire resistance and fire propagation limits of the structures, providing and proper decoration of evacuation routes, smokeproof stairways, annunciator systems, etc. Therefore, introducing of fire safety systems in high-rise buildings is a priority task at the stage of their designing, construction, and operation.

The article is dedicated to the fire resistance limit of building structures of the objects for the storage of flammable and combustible liquids. Today, oil stores are very important elements of the oil supply system in Ukraine. The analysis of literary sources has shown that fires in oil stores cause extra fire hazard of surrounding objects. Increasing of their scales requires further improvement of fire safety measures during planning and using of oil stores. Fires in such buildings are tricky and large; they cause great harm and often lead to the death of people; their liquidation is very difficult. Theoretical calculations shown that the collapse of structures of the packaged oil stores and, as a result, significant material losses and the threat to people's life and health, were resulted from the incorrect selection of building structures and the discrepancy between the fire resistance of these structures and the applicable norms and requirements for such buildings. Fire Safety, №34, 2019 9 Fire resistance limit of the metal double-T pillar made of steel ВСт3пс4 (profile size number 30) was calculated in the article. Such constructions are used in oil stores. The obtained fire resistance limit of a metal double-T pillar is about 16 minutes (R 16). According to the normative documents for buildings of this type (the degree of fire resistance of the building – III), it should be 120 minutes (R 120). Even if the calculation method has an error due to the choice of another steel grade, objectively none of the double-T profiles from the assortment list would provide proper fire resistance limit.