The study presents the research of prenatal growth period duration of Ukrainian red dairy breed and explains the relation of this process to the productive and reproductive qualities. Experimental animals have been divided into three groups depending on the duration of their prenatal period: less than 274 days is short (Group I); 274-284 days is average (Group II) and longer than 284 days is extended (Group III). The boundaries between the groups have been determined on the basis of the standard deviation in the variation in the number of signs: short duration of prenatal period is less than -0,5σ; average -from -0,5σ to +0,5σ; extended -more than +0,5σ. It has been found out that the most significant difference according to the live weight among the studied groups of animals is at the age of 6 and 12 months. During these periods, it was statistically significant in favor of animals with short and medium duration of the prenatal period (P > 0.95). In animals of all groups, the period of intensive growth was the first six months of life, which are characterized by the highest absolute, daily average and relative growth. However, heifers with an extended period of prenatal growth were inferior to animals with a short and average duration of these signs, respectively: 11.4 kg (9.1%) for P > 0.99, 63.4 g (9.2%) for P > 0.999, 6.0% for P > 0.95 and 9.3 kg (7.4%) for P > 0.99, 51.9 g (7.6%) for P > 0.999 and 4.2% for P> 0.95. At the age from 12 to 18 months, heifers with an extended period of prenatal period grew more intensively than those of the same age who had a short and medium duration. Between the specified groups of animals, a statistically significant difference has been established according to the growth rates of live weight (P > 0.99). The body measurements of the firstlings of all groups were typical of dairy cattle livestock production. There was no significant difference in these qualities between experimental animal groups. Animals of all experimental groups after the first calving had a higher body mass compared to the standard for Ukrainian red breed (470 kg). But a significantly higher live weight was observed in firstlings of a short period of prenatal growth compared to those who had an extended duration, the difference is statistically significant and is 37 kg (7.7%) for P > 0.99. For 305 days of the first three complete lactation periods, the advantage over the diets and the yield of the resulting milk fat belongs to animals with a short duration of prenatal growth period compared to animals who had extended period with a statistically significant difference (P > 0.95-0.999). There are no differences between experimental groups of animals for fatty milk. Herd mates with an average duration of prenatal period took the intermediate position. It has been found out that in animals of the Group 1, the age of the first insemination and calving, in comparison with the herd mates of the Group III, was earlier, respectively: 5.9 and 11.4 days. Although all experimental groups of animals are showed satisfa...

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доктор сільськогосподарських наук, професор, професор кафедри технології годівлі і розведення тварин Дніпровський державний аграрно-економічний університет Черненко О. І. кандидат сільськогосподарських наук, доцент, доцент кафедри технології годівлі і розведення тварин Дніпровський державний аграрно-економічний університет Герасимчук В. М. кандидат сільськогосподарських наук, заступник директора з тваринництва ТОВ «АГРОІНД» Дніпровського району Дніпропетровської області м. Дніпро, УкраїнаВступ. Відомо, що за однакових господарських умов розведення окремі породи свиней та їх помісі по різному реалізують свій генетичний потенціал продуктивності та оплачують корми продукцією. Тому актуальним є обґрунтування найбільш вдалих варіантів породних поєднань за іноземної інтродукції [1, с. 185; 2, с. 30; 3, с. 157].Матеріал і методика досліджень. Метою наших досліджень було з'ясувати як залежать від породних поєднань відгодівельні та м'ясні якості розведення молодняку свиней, одержаного при простому двопородному і складному трипородному промисловому схрещуванні порід данської селекції.

We studied the effect on the welfare of bulls (n=16) of their resistance to stress. The bulls with less stress resistance (group II) were in a standing position during by 53.6 minutes longer than their highly resistant peers (group I) during 24 hrs. On the contrary, the bulls of the group I rested (lying) by 87 minutes longer. The welfare of the bulls, due to different response to stress and behavioral patterns, affected sperm quality. Defect of sperm not suitable for use compared to peers of group I was higher in bulls of group II by 12.9-22.2% in the first three years of breeding.

Presented study results of the influence of constitution types on economically useful traits of highly productive Swiss breed. The experimental animals were divided into three groups according to the standard deviation of 0.67 from the average value of the volume-to-weight coefficient (VWC) for the studied group of same-aged animals at the calving. To the low-volume type with VWC value of less than 0.46 l/kg 16 cows were allocated, to the medium-volume type with VWC of 0.46 to 0.56 l/kg-44 cows respectively, and to the large-volume type with VWC value, which amounted to 0.57 l/kg or more-19 cows. Since the difference in animals' bodyweight of all groups was within 3%, which is a characteristic of matched pairs design, in cows with the constitution of large and medium volume type per kg of their body weight, there was a greater ratio of the thorax which is characterizing volume-to-weight coefficient value. Experimental cows by the main measurements of the exterior were characterized by good development. However, animals of the high and mid-volume type of constitution had deep and wide chests, with a larger chest crosssectional area behind the shoulder blades and behind the last rib, and a larger conditional volume of the whole thorax. The skin on the neck and the last rib turned out to be the most informative for the definition of the body types features. The cows of those constitution types had thinner skin on the neck by 0.4 (P > 0.95) and 0.3 cm (approximately P > 0.95), and at the level of the last rib by 0.3 (approximately P > 0 95) and 0.5 cm (P > 0.95) compared to the low volume type of constitution. According to body indices, cows of all body types had a pronounced and consolidated dairy type. This was evidenced by the low value of the variability coefficient of the exterior indices in the range of 2.2-6.9%. Compared to cows of low volume type, a statistically significant difference was found in favor of cows with the high and medium-volume type of the constitution by chest width index, respectively, by 1.9% (P > 0.999) and 1.8% (P > 0.999) and backside index, respectively: 2,4% (P > 0.99) and 1.0% (P > 0.95). No correlation was found between the cows' behaviour and their type of constitution. It has been established that cows' milk productivity depends on the development of the thorax as a whole and the value of the volume-to-weight coefficient in particular. High and medium-volume type cows for 305 days of the first lactation had higher milk yields by 1 314 kg (P > 0.95), milk fat yield-by 41.6 kg (P > 0.95), and milk protein yield-by 40.8 kg (P > 0.95). There was a similar difference for the second lactation.