Methodology and calculation formulas are proposed for estimating the thermal potential and its distribution by the regions of Ukraine for natural and artificial (anthropogenic) low-grade heat sources: ambient air, ventilation emissions of buildings connected to district heating systems, soils and groundwater, large rivers, wastewater, waste heat of boilers and CHPs, and industrial waste heat. The availability of thermal potential of these sources for heat pump plants of district heating systems has been determined. Annual heat potential and average annual capacity were estimated for each of these sources. It is shown that the annual heat potential and average annual capacity available for heat pump plants in district heating systems are: 9,735 thous. Gcal and 905 MW for ambient air; 25,655 thous. Gcal and 1,871 MW for ventilation emissions of buildings; 2,628 thous. Gcal and 87 MW for soil and groundwater; 3,212 thous. Gcal and 299 MW for large rivers; 4,545 thous. Gcal and 338 MW for wastewater; 2,459 thous. Gcal and 724 MW for waste heat of boilers and CHPs; 7,661 thous. Gcal and 214 MW for industrial waste heat, respectively. The total thermal potential of the above-mentioned sources is 4.97 GW which enables the use of heat pump plants in district heating systems with a total capacity of about 7.5 GW. In the case of heat pump plants using low grade heat sources of natural origin, it must be taken into account that their intensive use can lead to their rapid thermal exhaustion and a significant impact on the environment. Therefore, it is necessary to maintain such level of energy use of natural low grade heat sources that would enable their exploitation without harming the environment. In the conditions of densely built-up cities of Ukraine, the use of heat of the soil and groundwater for heat pump plants will be limited due to the shortage of free land plots. It will also be problematic to use powerful air heat pump plants in populated areas due to their high noise level. Keywords: heat pump plant, district heating systems, low grade heat source, thermal potential

The article deals with the dynamics of thermal power of heat generating sources of the district heating system with the analysis of the structure of the fuel balance of heating boilers to cover the need for heat energy for 2010–2017. To determine the efficiency of heat generation in boiler rooms, it is proposed to use a technique for determining the average cost of energy for the life age cost of energy for the life cycle, which has been improved for the thermal energy produced in boiler rooms, taking into account the costs of operation of treatment equipment and environmental tax. The average cost of life cycle energy for the three most common types of boilers operating on natural gas, coal and fuel oil, as well as domestic — on alternative fuels has been calculated, taking into account the environmental component. The expediency of further development of boiler equipment of different type for the needs of heat supply has been determined. Ref. 17, Fig. 1, Tab. 4.

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