Background: The quantitative effect of strong electrolytes, pCO 2 , and plasma protein concentration in determining plasma pH and bicarbonate concentrations can be demonstrated with the physicochemical approach. Plasma anion gap (AG) and strong ion gap (SIG) are used to assess the presence or absence of unmeasured anions.Hypotheses: The physicochemical approach is useful for detection and explanation of acid-base disorders in horses with colitis. AG and SIG accurately predict hyperlactatemia in horses with colitis.Animals: Fifty-four horses with acute colitis and diarrhea. Methods: Retrospective study. Physicochemical variables were calculated for each patient. ROC curves were generated to analyze sensitivity and specificity of AG and SIG for predicting hyperlactatemia.Results: Physicochemical interpretation of acid-base events indicated that strong ion metabolic acidosis was present in 39 (72%) horses. Mixed strong ion acidosis and decreased weak acid (hypoproteinemia) alkalosis was concomitantly present in 17 (30%) patients. The sensitivity and specificity of AG and SIG to predict hyperlactatemia (L-lactate > 5 mEq/L) were 100% (95% CI, 66.4-100; P < .0001) and 84.4% (95% CI, 70.5-93.5 P < .0001). Area under the ROC curve for AG and SIG for predicting hyperlactatemia was 0.95 (95% CI, 0.86-0.99) and 0.93 (95% CI, 0.83-0.99), respectively.Conclusion and Clinical relevance: These results emphasize the importance of strong ions and proteins in the maintenance of the acid-base equilibria. AG and SIG were considered good predictors of clinically relevant hyperlactatemia.

Background: It is postulated that the concentrations of the major strong ions (Na, K, and Cl) in oral electrolyte solutions play a major role in clinical efficacy of these solutions for rehydration and corrections of metabolic acid base derangements. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to test prospectively the efficacy of an OES (OES exp) formulated based on concentration of strong ion difference (SID) and propionate in a group of calves with naturally occurring neonatal diarrhea and clinically detectable dehydration and acid base abnormalities. Animals: Ten client owned calves of varying breeds, 2-22 days old, presented to a veterinary teaching hospital with a history of naturally occurring acute undifferentiated diarrhea, progressive depression and dehydration for treatment. Methods: Clinical and laboratory parameters were measured pre and post two oral electrolyte treatments to assess efficacy of the experimental OES to correct clinical and clinico pathological parameters. For the clinical trial the calves served as their own controls. For control of safety of medication 4 normal calves were force fed 4 L of OES exp and followed over a 24 hour period. Results: All calves had severe diarrhea and metabolic acidosis. The metabolic acidosis observed in the plasma of these calves and reflected by pH, , SID and base deficit was corrected significantly towards reference ranges (p < 0.05) with 3 two 2 L feedings 12 hours apart. Dehydration was significantly corrected and all calves were discharged 1-3 days post admission. Conclusion and Clinical Importance: The use of SID is a valid approach when formulating oral electrolytes solutions for use in calves with acute diarrhea and metabolic derangement. Sodium propionate is valid substitute for commonly used sodium base equivalents in North America in oral electrolyte solutions.

SummaryAnamnesis: eight Silla Argentina breed horses imported from Argentina presented with an abnormal gait and skin lesions. Clinical and laboratory findings: all cases showed different degrees of hind limb hyperflexion, atrophy of the lateral digital muscles, skin lesions, and poor body condition. They underwent several clinical and laboratory examinations, including endoscopy of the upper respiratory tract, skin and liver biopsy, blood count, biochemical profile, and electromyography that showed evidence of a neuropathy and dermatitis. Treatment approach: the horses were treated with phenylbutazone and thiamine. The response was patient dependent with different degrees of recovery resulting. Conclusion: this is the first report of an outbreak of bilateral Australian Stringhalt in Colombia and the first associated to skin lesions according to the veterinary medicine scientific literature. Keywords: equine, hind limb hyperflexion, Hypochaeris radicata, neuropathy.Resumen Anamnesis: ocho caballos de raza silla Argentina importados de Argentina presentaron un andar anormal y lesiones de piel. Hallazgos clínicos y de laboratorio: todos los animales presentaron hiperflexión de los miembros anteriores de forma bilateral, en diferentes grados de severidad; atrofia del músculo digital lateral, lesiones de piel y condición corporal deficiente. Se realizaron endoscopias, biopsias de piel, hematología, química sanguínea, electromiografías que indicaron una neuropatía y dermatitis. ResumoAnamnese: oito cavalos de raça Silla Argentina foram importados a partir da Argentina por una marcha anormal e lesões cutâneas. Achados clínicos e de laboratório: todos os animais apresentaram hiperflexão bilateral dos membros anteriores com diferentes graus de gravidade; atrofia do músculo digital lateral, lesões de pele e condição corporal baixa. Foram efectuadas endoscopias, biópsias de pele, hematologia química sanguínea e electromiografias que indicaram uma neuropatia e uma dermatitis. Abordagem terapêutica: os cavalos foram tratados com fenilbutazona e tiamina obtendo uma resposta variável entre os animais. Conclusão: este é o primeiro relatório de arpejo Australiano reportado na Colômbia e o primeiro associado com lesões de pele de acordo com a literatura científica médico-veterinária.

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Pardo, D.; Oliver, O.: Determinación de factores de riesgo involucrados en diarrea neonatal bovina en fincas lecheras del trópico alto colombiano. Rev. vet. 26: 2, 124-130, 2015