Lake El'gygytgyn is situated in a 3.6 Ma old impact crater in northeastern Siberia. Presented here is a reconstruction of the Quaternary lake-level history as derived from sediment cores from the southern lake shelf. There, a cliff-like bench 10 m below the modern water level has been investigated. Deep-water sediments on the shelf indicate high lake levels during a warm Mid-Pleistocene period. One period with low lake level prior to Marine Oxygen Isotope Stage (MIS) 3 has been identified, followed by a period of high lake level (10 m above present). In the course of MIS 2 the lake level dropped to − 10 m. At the end of MIS 2 the bench was formed and coarse beach sedimentation occurred. Subsequently, the lake level rose rapidly to the Holocene level. Changes in water level are likely linked to climate variability. During relatively temperate periods the lake becomes free of ice in summer. Strong wave actions transport sediment parallel to the coast and towards the outlet, where the material tends to accumulate, resulting in lake level rise. During cold periods the perennial lake ice cover hampers any wave activity and pebble-transport, keeping the outlet open and causing the lake level to drop.
Abstract. Die Kenntnis der regionalen Paläohydrologie ist eine wesentliche Grundlage für das Verständnis aktueller Umweltfragen, wie zum Beispiel nach den Gründen von hydrologischen Veränderungen, dem Einfluss von Landnutzungsstrategien und der Wirksamkeit von Renaturierungsvorhaben in Feuchtgebieten. Auch die Interpretation von Modellierungsergebnissen zu den künftigen Einflüssen des Klima- und Landnutzungswandels auf das Gewässersystem kann durch die Einbeziehung (prä-) historischer Analogien verbessert werden. Für das glazial geprägte nordostdeutsche Tiefland wurde eine Übersicht der vorliegenden paläohydrologischen Befunde für den Zeitraum der letzten etwa 20.000 Jahre erarbeitet. Die Entwicklung der Flüsse wurde mit Blick auf die Tal-/Auengenese und das Ablagerungsmilieu, die Veränderung des Tal- und Gerinneverlaufs sowie den Paläoabfluss bzw. das Paläohochwasser betrachtet. Wesentliche genetische Unterschiede bestehen zwischen Alt- (Elster- und Saalekaltzeit) und Jungmoränengebieten (Weichselkaltzeit) sowie zwischen hoch und tief gelegenen Tälern. Letztere sind stark durch Wasserspiegelveränderungen in der Nord- und Ostsee beeinflusst worden. Die Entwicklung der Seen wurde hinsichtlich der Seebildung, die überwiegend eine Folge der spätpleistozänen bis frühholozänen Toteistieftau-Dynamik ist, und der Veränderungen im Ablagerungsmilieu analysiert. Weiterhin standen Seespiegelveränderungen im Fokus, wobei sich hoch variable lokale Befunde mit einigen Übereinstimmungen zeigten. Der Überblick zur Moorentwicklung konzentrierte sich auf hydrogenetische Moorentwicklungsphasen und auf die langfristige Entwicklung des Grundwasserspiegels. Enge Beziehungen zwischen der Entwicklung der Flüsse, Seen und Moore bestanden insbesondere im Spätholozän durch komplexe Vermoorungsprozesse in den großen Flusstälern. Bis in das Spätholozän wurde die regionale Hydrologie überwiegend durch klimatische, geomorphologische und nicht-anthropogene biologische Faktoren gesteuert. Seit dem Spätmittelalter wurde in der Region das Gewässernetz und der Wasserkreislauf im starken Maß durch anthropogene Interventionen beeinflusst (z.B. Aufstau von Flüssen und Seen, Bau von Kanälen und Deichen, Moorkultivierung). In den letzten etwa 50 Jahren haben dann sogar die kurzfristigen anthropogenen Eingriffe, z.B. in Form von Abflussregulierung, Hydromelioration und künstlicher Seebildung, die Wirksamkeit langfristiger klimatischer und geomorphologischer Prozesse übertroffen.
Lake El'gygytgyn is situated in a 3.6 Ma old impact crater in north-eastern Siberia and probably represents one of the most complete archives of Arctic climate change. Investigated here is the potential of infra-red stimulated luminescence (IRSL) using the single-aliquot regenerative-dose (SAR) approach for dating sediments from this lake. Independent age control is available from a published age model of a parallel core that is based on tuning sediment proxies with regional insolation and the results of previous multiple aliquot IRSL dating. Although the site is located within volcanic bedrock, anomalous fading seems to have little effect on the calculated ages. The modelled water content for the entire time of burial is seen as the most prominent uncertainty at this particular site. Despite these potential error sources, SAR-IRSL ages are in acceptable agreement with the given timeframe and clearly point to the possibility to establish independent chronologies at this site up to at least 400,000 years. r
Very few age controls exist for Quaternary deposits over the vast territory of the East Russian Arctic, which hampers dating of major environmental changes in this area and prevents their correlation to climatic changes in the Arctic and Pacific marine domains. We report a newly identified ~177 ka old Rauchua tephra, which has been dispersed over an area of >1,500,000 km2 and directly links terrestrial paleoenvironmental archives from Arctic Siberia with marine cores in the northwest Pacific, thus permitting their synchronization and dating. The Rauchua tephra can help to identify deposits formed in terrestrial and marine environments during the oxygen isotope stage 6.5 warming event. Chemical composition of volcanic glass from the Rauchua tephra points to its island‐arc origin, while its spatial distribution singles out the Kamchatka volcanic arc as a source. The Rauchua tephra represents a previously unknown, large (magnitude >6.5) explosive eruption from the Kamchatka volcanic arc.
Determining the response of sites within the Arctic Circle to long-term climatic change remains an essential pre-requisite for assessing the susceptibility of these regions to future global warming and Arctic Si data from Lake El'gygytgyn, Russia, and suggest environmental changes that would have impacted across West Beringia from the Last Glacial Maximum to the modern day. In combination with other records, the results raise the potential for climatic teleconnections to exist between the region and sites in the North Atlantic. The presence of a series of 2-3‰ decreases in δ 18Odiatom during both the last glacial and the Holocene indicates the sensitivity of the region to perturbations in the global climate system. Evidence of an unusually long Holocene thermal maximum from 11.4-7.6 ka BP is followed by a cooling trend through the remainder of the Holocene in response to changes in solar insolation. This is culminated over the last 900 years by a significant decrease in δ 18 Odiatom of 2.3‰, which may be related to a strengthening and easterly shift of the Aleutian Low in addition to possible changes in precipitation seasonality.
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