The selection of strains isolated from technogenically altered ecotopes and resistant to contamination, capable of metabolizing a wide range of pollutants is a task highly relevant for creation of new methods for environmental purification. Sulphur-reducing bacteria of the Desulfuromonas genus carry out dissimilatory reduction not only of S0 but also oxidized forms of metals. Intensity of anaerobic respiration of microorganisms in polluted environments is determined by level of their adaptation to stress factors, in particular, copper (II) compounds. The aim of this work was to investigate the influence of copper (II) chloride on H2S production by Desulfuromonas sp. strains isolated by us from Yavorivske Lake, to determine the efficiency of Cu2+ precipitation by hydrogen sulfide, to analyse the possibility of usage by bacteria of CuCl2 as an electron acceptor of anaerobic respiration and to study the influence of Cu2+ on usage by these microorganisms of ferric (III) citrate, potassium dichromate or manganese (IV) oxide as electron acceptors. Bacteria were grown under anaerobic conditions in Kravtsov-Sorokin medium. To study the influence of Cu2+ on production by bacteria of H2S, their cells were incubated with CuCl2 (0.5–4.0 mM), washed and cultivated in a medium with S0. To determine the level of Cu2+ binding by H2S, produced by bacteria, cells were grown in a medium with CuCl2 (0.5–4.0 mM) and S0. To investigate the ability of bacteria to use copper (II) ions as electron acceptors, they were cultivated in a medium with CuCl2 (1.74–10.41 mM). To study the influence of Cu2+ on usage by bacteria of metal compounds as electron acceptors, their cells were incubated with CuCl2 (0.5–4.0 mM), washed and cultivated in media with C6H5O7Fe, K2Cr2O7 or MnO2 (1.74–10.41 mM). Biomass was determined by the turbidimetric method. In the cultural liquid the content of H2S was determined quantitatively by the spectrophotometric method, qualitatively – presence of Cu2+. Content of CuS in the growth medium was determined by weight method. Desulfuromonas sp. bacteria was revealed to be resistant to 2.0–2.5 mM copper (II) ions. Under the influence of 3.0–4.0 mM CuCl2 in the incubation mixture, sulfidogenic activity of bacteria decreased more than twice. The efficiency of Cu2+ binding in form of CuS by H2S produced by bacteria reached 97.3–100.0% at presence in the medium with S0 of up to 1.5 mM CuCl2. Bacteria used CuCl2 (1.74–10.41 mM) as an electron acceptor in the process of anaerobic respiration. The addition of 2.5–3.0 mM CuCl2 to the incubation mixture caused inhibition of metal reducing activity of cells, growth of all strains in media with 1.74–10.41 mM ferric (III) citrate, potassium dichromate or manganese (IV) oxide as electron acceptors decreased by 2.6 times. Almost complete precipitation up to 1.5 mM copper (II) ions in form of CuS by H2S produced by bacteria and ability to reduce up to 10.41 mM CuCl2, C6H5O7Fe, K2Cr2O7 or MnO2 in the process of anaerobic respiration indicates a high adaptation of the bacteria strains investigated by us to stress factors, in particular, the influence of CuCl2. We have proved the possibility of using Desulfuromonas sp. in biotechnologies for purification of environments with complex contamination from copper (II) compounds.
За умов росту в середовищі з 3,5 мМ Fe(III) біомаса та рівень утворення гідро-ген сульфіду виділеними з техногенної водойми Яворівського сіркового родовища бактеріями Desulfovibrio desulfuricans ІМВ К-6 і Desulfuromonas acetoxidans знижу-валися майже удвічі, за концентрацій до 1,5 мМ Fe(III) повністю відновлювався гід-роген сульфідом до Fe(II) з утворенням нерозчинного FeS. У середовищі з Fe(III) як єдиним акцептором електронів тривалентний ферум за концентрацій 0,5-3,5 мМ відновлювався до Fe(II) сульфат-і сірковідновлювальними бактеріями практично повністю. Досліджувані бактерії можуть бути використані у процесах очищення вод-ного довкілля від токсичних сполук феруму (ІІІ).Ключові слова: ферум (ІІІ), сульфатвідновлювальні та сірковідновлювальні бактерії, гідроген сульфід. ВСТУПДисиміляційні металовідновлювальні бактерії [13,15,18], які займають схожі екологічні ніші зі сульфат-і сірковідновлювальними бактеріями, беруть участь в анаеробній деструкції органічних речовин у різноманітних екологічних нішах -від прісних озер до солоних морських осадів. Для росту ці бактерії можуть викорис-товувати метали або сульфур та його окиснені сполуки як акцептори електронів. Сульфат-, сірко-та металовідновлювальні бактерії широко розповсюджені у при-роді та впливають на геохімічні цикли карбону, сульфуру й металів у водному і ґрун-товому середовищах [8].Сульфат-і сірковідновлювальні бактерії привертають увагу дослідників як по-тенційні агенти очищення стічних і дренажних вод, забруднених органічними спо-луками, важкими металами, гідроген сульфідом, сульфуром, сульфатами і нітра-тами. Гідроген сульфід, утворений бактеріями у процесі дисиміляційної сульфат-і сіркоредукції, може взаємодіяти з іонами важких металів, утворюючи нерозчинні сульфіди металів, або відновлювати розчинні токсичні метали з утворенням менш токсичних чи менш розчинних форм [21]. Сульфат-і сірковідновлювальні бактерії можуть ферментативно відновлювати Fe(III), U(VI), Cr(VI), Mn(IV), Tc(VI), Pd(II) та ін.
Sulfur reducing bacteria from coal pits waste heaps of Chervonograd minig region were isolated and their seasonal number changes were established. Sulfur reducing bacteria number increases during cold season both at the end of vegetation season, depending on gangue humidity as well as on substrate temperature. The forty sulfur reducing bacteria isolates were selected. According to the highest biomass acumulation and hydrogen sulfide production for the following identification two strains were chosen. The morpho-physiological characteristics of isolated strains SV 30 and SV 35 were investigated. In accordance with obtained data, we assumed isolated strain SV 30 to be identified as genus Desulfuromusa, meanwhile SV 35 -Geobacter. After the seventh day of cultivation, the highest sulfur reducing activity of both strains was observed. Due to the metabolization ability of wide range of pollutants isolated sulfur reducing bacteria are perspective for application in environmental remediation technologies with biological methods.
The results of the study of the process of synthesis of vat dye from chemical components isolated from coke oven gas and resin after coking coal are shown. The schemes of reactions of obtaining intermediates for the synthesis of the dye are given. block diagrams of chemistry of technological operations are made, physicochemical color properties of this dye are studied.
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