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<p>A powerful factor in increasing the productivity of crop production, the potential of which is extremely underutilized, is the intensification of the development of agronomically useful groups of microorganisms. These groups of microorganisms increase the fertility of the soil due to their participation in the transformation of complex compounds of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements, converting them into available for plants forms. That is why it is extremely important for the agricultural producer to know the state of the soil microbiota in order to timely correct it and prevent crop productivity losses (Coban et al, 2022, De Corato et al, 2020).</p> <p>The purpose of the research was to determine the composition of ecological and trophic groups of soil microbiota in soybean crops after seed treatment with a drug whose components were obtained by the method of electropulse ablation (Kravchenko et al, 2021). To compare the effect of the preparation, the other part of the soybean seeds was treated with the chemical pesticide Maxim XL (active substance - Fludioxonil + Metalaxyl-M). As a control, seeds without etching were used.</p> <p>As a result, it was established that the amount of ammonifiers in the variant with preparation was 1046 thousand CFU/g of soil, while in the variant without etching - 396.7 thousand CFU/g of soil, in the variant with chemical pesticide - 188.1 thousand CFU/g of soil. This may indicate a high content of organic matter in the soil, since under such conditions the ammonifying microbiota is the most numerous and taxonomically diverse.</p> <p>In the experimental sample, pedotrophic microorganisms were 2 times more than in the control and about three times more than in the variant with a chemical pesticide. Under optimal conditions in the soil, pedotrophs are the most widespread group of soil microorganisms, which adequately reflects the general development of microbiota in the soil and play a significant role in the formation of soil fertility.</p> <p>The number of phosphate-mobilizing microorganisms in the experimental version exceeded 2.8 times the number of corresponding microorganisms in the control and variant with Maxim-XL. The high number of this group of microorganisms makes it possible to reduce the application rate of phosphorus mineral fertilizers.</p> <p>Thus, the obtained results indicate a significant increase in the number and composition of various ecological and trophic groups of microorganisms with the use of drugs obtained by electro-impulse ablation methods.</p>

The work is devoted to the actual problem of environmental safety and quality assessment of various water sources Mohyliv-Podilsky district of Vinnitsa region. It has been carried out hydrochemical analysis and calculated an index of pollution of natural waters, biological testing performed using a battery of test organisms, given recommendations to improve the water quality of the study area.It has been established that the most indicative parameters of pollution of water supply sources are hardness indicators, concentration of cadmium, lead, nitrates. None of the investigated sources have corresponded to the “clean water” indicator. Water samples that as a result of hydro-chemical analysis had been characterized by relatively safe, exhibited chronic toxicity for invertebrates. It has been found that water from a centralized source is characterized by the acute toxicity and leads to changes in living organisms at the cellular level. It is recommended to carry out quarterly water sampling in the indicated sources; minimization of the use of nitrogen fertilizers in settlements, in particular, near water supply sources.

Qualitative and quantitative characteristics of soybean yields largely depend on the effectiveness of measures against pathogens caused by phytopathogenic bacteria, which lead to the loss of 30-40% of grain yield. One of the elements of biologization is the use of trace elements in the cultivation of soybeans. The work has been devoted to determining the sensitivity of highly active strains of nodule bacteria and representatives of pathogens of soybean bacteriosis to trace elements preparations Dobrodiy Comfort and Dobrodiy Comfort-Copper, which were obtained by electropulse ablation, and comparing their action with traditional chemical pesticides. For comparison, the drugs of traditional cultivation of soybeans have been used: Rankona, Maxim XL, Rydomil Gold, Propuls. Classical microbiological, phytopathological, statistical method shas been used in the work. In particular, the reliability of the influence of factors has been established by the value of the probability level "p", which was calculated using the program STATISTICA 8. The obtained results have indicated a high sensitivity of yellow pigment pathogens of soybean bacteriosis to preparations Dobrodiy Comfort and Dobrodiy Comfort-copper in native form. The causative agent of angular spot of soybeans has not been sensitive to these compositions. Study have shown that Dobrodiy Comfort and Dobrodiy Comfort-copper are non-toxic to bacteria of the genus Bradyrhizobium and Rhizobium. According to the results of preparations titration, work has been determined that the effect of these preparations on phytopathogens remains in the range of 10-3-10-4. According to the For the first time absence of antibacterial activity at the specified dilution and toxic effect on nodule bacteria, the use of ecological drugs Dobrodiy-Comfort and Dobrodiy Comfort-Copper in the system of soybean protection against bacterial diseases has been analyzed and recommended.