бали) та ДКС 3472 (Монсанто) (5,4 бали). Дослідження механізмів стійкості сучасних різностиглих гібридів проти стеблового кукурудзяного метелика свідчить про реальну можливість вирішення проблеми захисту кукурудзи від цього фітофагів за допомогою використання стійких гібридів. Ключові слова: стебловий кукурудзяний метелик, гібриди кукурудзи, стійкість, антиксеноз, антибіоз, пошкодженість рослин, заселеність рослин, яйцекладки Актуальність. В нинішніх умовах кукурудза -одна з основних зернових культур як в Україні, так і в цілому світі, а її вирощування дає змогу стабільно отримувати високий прибуток. Відтак збільшуються площі її вирощування. Якщо у 2000 р. в Україні кукурудза (при вирощуванні на зерно) займала близько 1,4 млн га, то в 2019 р. цю культуру вже вирощували на площі близько 4,97 млн га, що на 8,6 % більше ніж у 2018 р. На даний час на виробництво кукурудзи припадає вже понад 50 % від загального обсягу виробництва зерна в країні, причому ця цифра Агрономія Стригун О. О., Ляска Ю. М.

The basic types of herbivores wheat groups on their affinity to damage of the plants and their impact on the formative processes. It is shown that the constant pressure on the formative processes, inhibition of plant growth and development adversely affects the productivity and quality of grain. Calculated in terms of population of crops of pests, taking into account existing EPSH potential losses from individual groups of herbivores that exceed 5%. Showing actual average loss grain cereals from pests, which is 12.7%, which is evidence of the need to strengthen protective measures and reduce the actual loss to the level of <5%.

Goal. Conduct screening of modern data on the state of plant protection and its own studies of phytophagus pests of wood plants in the conditions of the metropolis of Ukraine. Methods. Analytical methods and faunistic screening of data literary sources are used on the issue of phytophagus pests of Ukraine. Results. The substantiation of the concept of preventive creation of sustainable urbotocenoses for the use of a wide range of ethnic and introduced species of plants with increased resistance to biotic and abiotic factors has been carried out. The theoretical basis of plant protection should be a preventive system based on the use of environmental protection methods with the restriction of the use of pesticides. Planning for preventive ecologically directed protection of plants from pests should begin with obtaining information about the crop and its varieties (hygrothermal regime of crop cultivation, plant resistance to harmful phytophagous species of this crop, determination of the effect of attractive or antifeeding properties of the crop on entomophages that can be used). The next stage is data on the species composition of phytophages, pests — vectors of causative agents of viral diseases of a given culture and pests that are capable of forming hemipopulations (features of the dynamics of their number, the succession series of their dominance in the process of plant growth and development). Selection of entomophages and determination of their ability to reproduce on an alternative type of food. Based on the preliminary information received, a decision is made to create a multicomponent entomocenosis in plantations before the start of plant development. In order to obtain current information, the phytosanitary state of woody plants is regularly monitored (every 20—30 days) and the dynamics of the number of components of the created useful entomocenosis, as well as a decision is made to replace or supplement its joints. Conclusions. In developing the concept of the formation and functioning of sustainable umbilical phytocoenoses with increased resistance to biotic and abiotic factors, it is necessary to take into account the peculiarities of damage to little ethnic and introduced species of plants with harmful organisms. Creation of sustainable urbotocenoses with increased resistance to biotic and abiotic factors has an important environmental and economic significance. The theoretical basis of protection of urbothocoenoses should be based on natural plant protection systems based on the use of environmental methods with the restriction of the use of pesticides.

Goal. To determine the species composition of soybean phytophages under rice checks. Methods. The main field method with related phenological observations and analyzes. The study of the species composition of soybean pests was carried out in rice paddies of the Institute of Rice of the NAAS by collecting all objects with their subsequent identification. The survey was carried out once every 3—7 days: the first counts were in the third decade of May, when the plants were in the germination phase. Recorded plants were placed diagonally. On the experimental site, five plants were examined in 20 places. Results. Studies have been carried out to clarify the species composition of harmful entomofauna in soybean crops under the conditions of rice checks in the Southern Steppe of Ukraine. Found 20 species of phytophagus from 7 rows and 11 families and one species of spider mite: мeadow moth (Margaritia sticticalis L.); thistle, or vanessa thistle (Vanessa cardui L.); grass bug (Lygus rugulipennis Popp.); alfalfa bug (Carpocoris fuscispinus Boh.); alfalfa stink bug (Piezodorus lituratus F.); tobacco thrips (Thrips tabaci Lind.); scoop-gamma (Autographa gamma L.); alfalfa moth (Chloridea viriplaca Hfn.); green horse (Tettigonia viridissima L.); Italian Prussian (Calliptamus italicus L.); large cereal aphid (Sitobion avenae F.); Moroccan locust (Dociostaurus maroccanus Thunb.); six-point leafhopper (Macrosteles laevis Kib.); striped leafhopper (Psammotettix striatus L.); nosy tree (Aelia rostrata Bsh.); striped nodule weevil (Sitona lineatus L.); gray bristly weevil (Sitona crinitus Hfn.); cotton scoop (Helicoverpa armigera Hfn.); acacia moth (Etiella zinckenella Tr.), two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch.). Conclusions. As a result of research in the conditions of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine, 20 species of phytophagous insects from 7 rows, 11 families and one species of tick were found in soybeans. The vast majority of pests in terms of numbers are among the Lepidoptera — 38%. These species damaged soybeans during the growing season and influenced the formation of the yield.