The article discusses the dynamics of economic development based on the level of digitalization of the countries. Economic development is evaluated through the dynamics of GDP changes. Digitalization level is evaluated through the Digital Economy and Society Index (DESI), which is calculated on a regular basis by the European Commission. Object of study – 28 EU‑member countries. The hypothesis of the investigation: a high level of digitalization leads to an acceleration of economic growth on national level. This hypothesis did not find any statistically significant confirmation. Thus, we can conclude that the level of the economy digitalization at the present stage of development of technologies and institutions in the EU countries does not have a decisive effect on the rate of economic growth.
The article analyzes the pension system in Ukraine as a component of social protection. The structure of the three-tier pension system is given. The principles of realization of the process of reforming the pension system of Ukraine are determined. Problems of domestic development of pension provision are considered in stages. The first stage (1991-2004) was the period of Ukraine's use of the old norms on pensions, which was characteristic of the command-and-control economy. The second period (2004-2009) is a period of active discussion and adoption of a number of documents on the construction of a three-tier pension system. 2010-2014 – the third period of significant changes in the mandatory pension insurance. The fourth period – 2014-2018 – the period of introduction of strict restrictions and freezing of pension indexation. The dynamics of expenditures and revenues of the Pension Fund of Ukraine for 2016-2019 is analyzed. It is determined that the main reasons for the increase in arrears of payments to the Pension Fund are: non-payment of obligations on the amount of SDRs by individual entrepreneurs; lack of funds to finance current liabilities of state-owned enterprises to reimburse the amounts of actual costs for the payment and delivery of preferential pensions and debt repayment.
The article considers the features of financing and management of the social protection system of the population of Ukraine in a market economy. The directions of budget financing of the social sphere during 2010-2017 are determined. Activities for the social protection of the population are a mandatory component of any modern state. In general, social protection activities cover the area of material support and provision of social services to disabled people. The grouping of expenditures on social protection and social security by different categories according to the OECD database has been studied. Transfers in monetary and non-monetary forms to the population in the consolidated budget of Ukraine are analyzed. The dynamics of the population with average per capita equivalent total income per month, lower than the statutory subsistence level for 2010-2019, is analyzed. The modern problems of financing and management of the sphere of social protection of the population in Ukraine are revealed and the ways of their overcoming are outlined.
The article analyzes one of the effective innovative tools used by the united territorial communities in the provision of social services, the social order. It was found that the social order system can promote the development of entrepreneurial activity in the regions. In the case of its widespread use, residents are interested in joining this type of activity, creating business structures or acquiring the status of private entrepreneurs. This contributes to the expansion of employment, training and retraining, the development of the business climate, stimulates the development of civil society through its participation in the process of social procurement and social responsibility. It is determined that in order to provide a social order on a real competitive basis, it is necessary to ensure absolute equality of service providers – state, municipal, private, public, religious, individuals, etc. And this is possible only if the autonomy of utilities, their transition to the status of utilities, which should be provided for in the new law on social services. It is determined that an innovative method of social policy is an integrated approach to the provision of social services, which significantly enhances their effectiveness due to improved coordination of social services. It was found that the key problems that in practice complicate the use of the social order mechanism as an innovative method of improving the provision of social services in OTG, are insufficient regulatory support; opposition from state entities that provide social services; non-acceptance by public authorities of "third sector" organizations as an equal partner for social cooperation, leveling their role in providing social services; lack of relevant experience in joint implementation of tasks related to the provision of social services, low level of professional training of many non-governmental organizations.
The article considers the specifics of the functioning of TNCs, their current activities in the investment market. TNCs are currently one of the most important actors in international economic relations. The investment activity of transnational corporations has a direct impact on the balance of payments, production volumes, foreign trade turnover, employment, and the competitiveness of the host economy. The key features of political risk management of TNCs are identified and characterized. The political risks of TNCs are related to their interpretation, classification and methods. The means of reducing the degree of risk include: risk avoidance, retention, risk transfer. Ways to reduce the degree of risk include: diversification, acquisition of additional information, limitation, insurance, hedging. It has been proven that the main advantage of risk communications as an effective ancillary way to manage the political risks of TNCs at the state level, especially in the early stages of public policy making, is that it allows decision makers to better and timely inform stakeholders about risks. and to effectively exchange data between different parts of the public administration system, including effective mitigation measures. The main directions for TNC investment in 2018 are analyzed. The negative consequences of TNCs and ways to overcome them are identified.
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