The article presents data on the use of the drug ursodeoxycholic acid (Ursosan) for hepatomegaly and fatty hepatosis in children with diabetic nephropathy. 40 children were examined. Material treated by variational statistics Statistica for Windows v. 6.0. Use of preparations of ursodeoxycholic acid in addition to the basic treatment results in a significant improvement of clinical symptoms and lipid metabolism in children, as well as a favorable course of the main disease. It was noted positive clinical dynamics when using this drug.

Nowadays diabetes mellitus is one of the global problems. Due to insufficiently effective treatment, diabetes can significantly worsen the life of patients, which leads to early disability and premature death caused by vascular complications. Today, it is clear that diabetic complications not only develop more often in patients who fell ill in their childhood, but also are widespread among adolescents. The purpose of the paper is to study the prevalence of diabetic nephropathy among children and adolescents in the Kyrgyz Republic. Materials and Methods. The authors examined 131 children, hospitalized to the Department of Endocrinology, the National Center for Maternity and Childhood Protection between January 2017 and December 2018 and diagnosed with diabetes mellitus, type 1. The results were processed by variation statistics technique using the statistical analysis software package (Statistica for Windows v. 6.0). Results. Diabetic nephropathy was detected in 60 patients (46 %). Complications were observed more often in children from Bishkek (28 %). Data analysis showed that boys prevailed (62 % boys and 38 % girls). The frequency of diabetic nephropathy directly depended on the age of the patient during examination. The critical age for patients was 15–17 years old, since at thats age the transition of diabetic nephropathy from its latent form to clinically expressed stages III and IV was observed. Conclusions. Diabetic nephropathy is rarely diagnosed in children under 10 years of age and in case of diabetes duration up to 3 years; puberty is one of the leading risk factors in its development; the transition from functional to clinical stages occurs at the age of 12–17 and in case of diabetes duration for 12–15 years. Keywords: children and adolescents, diabetic nephropathy, diabetes mellitus. Сахарный диабет представляет собой одну из глобальных проблем современности. Часто при недостаточно эффективном лечении диабет может значительно ухудшить жизнь пациентов, что приводит к ранней инвалидизации и преждевременной смерти из-за развития сосудистых осложнений. На сегодняшний день достоверно установлено, что диабетические осложнения не только чаще развиваются у пациентов, заболевших в детстве, но и имеют широкую распространенность среди детей подросткового возраста. Цель исследования – изучить распространенность диабетической нефропатии среди детей и подростков в Кыргызской Республике. Материалы и методы. Был обследован 131 ребенок, госпитализированный в отделение эндокринологии Национального центра охраны материнства и детства (НЦОМиД) в период с января 2017 г. по декабрь 2018 г. с диагнозом «сахарный диабет 1 типа». Материалы и методы. Результаты обработаны методом вариационной статистики с использованием стандартного пакета программ прикладного статистического анализа (Statistica for Windows v. 6.0). Результаты. Диабетическая нефропатия выявлена у 60 больных, что составляет 46 % от общего числа обследованных. Чаще дети с осложнениями в отделение поступали из г. Бишкека (28 %). Анализ данных показал, что мальчиков было 62 %, а девочек – 38 %. Частота выявления диабетической нефропатии находилась в прямой зависимости от возраста больного в момент обследования. Возраст 15–17 лет является критическим для больного, так как в это время происходит переход диабетической нефропатии из ее скрытой формы в клинически выраженные III и IV стадии. Выводы. Диабетическая нефропатия редко диагностируется у детей до 10-летнего возраста и при длительности течения диабета до трех лет; пубертатный период является одним из ведущих факторов риска ее развития; переход от функциональных к клиническим стадиям происходит в возрасте 12–17 лет и при длительности течения диабета 12–15 лет. Ключевые слова: дети и подростки, диабетическая нефропатия, сахарный диабет.

The article presents a retrospective analysis of case histories of 392 children and adolescents with 1 type diabetes from 2011 to 2018. The analysis found that 60 children and adolescents suffer from diabetic nephropathy (which composes 15%). It was revealed that mostly diabetic nephropathy occurs in boys, as well as disease duration of type 1 diabetes at the time of diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy was 5–10 years.

The data presented in interleukins plasma concentrations of diabetic nephropathy in children. It studied 130 children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes without diabetic nephropathy with type 1 diabetes mellitus complicated by diabetic nephropathy. It is shown that nephropathy complicated by diabetes is accompanied by activation of cytokine (interleukin) in the blood system reflecting the severity of kidney damage and the whole organism.

All over the world, an increase in type 1 diabetes mellitus is noted annually, along with its late complications. In recent years, more and more information has appeared aimed at the prevention and rehabilitation of children with diabetes. Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a genetically determined disease, in the development of which the main component is an autoimmune process that triggers the destruction of β-cells, which leads to a decrease in insulin production, and subsequently to its absolute insufficiency, the main method of treatment is insulin replacement therapy. To select an adequate dose of insulin, it is necessary to take into account HbA1c, glycemic and glucosuric profiles. Children are advised to use semi-synthetic or genetically engineered insulins. In children, intensified insulin therapy is more often used in the form of a combination of short and medium-acting insulins or ultra-short with prolonged ones. This article presents an analysis of insulin therapy and self-control in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus and diabetic nephropathy. It was found that children with diabetic nephropathy approached their illness less responsibly, did not always count bread units and kept records in self-control diaries. Also, this group of children were more likely to receive human insulin with the use of syringe pens. The nutrition of children with diabetes should not be inferior in calories to that of healthy adolescents, while the energy value of the daily diet should be calculated taking into account age, gender, body weight, and energy expenditures. Taking into account the possibility of regression of the initial diabetic complications when the compensation of carbohydrate metabolism is achieved, therapy for type 1 diabetes is a means of preventing the development of severe diabetic complications.