Background:Posterior uveitis is a polyetiologic group of diseases with polymorphic clinical manifestations and a prolonged, chronic and recurrent course. In addition, it is commonly bilateral and often causes complications, loss of working capacity and early visual disability in young adults. It is an important task of current clinical ophthalmology to find biomarkers indicating the severity of inflammation and the likelihood of developing a recurrence of the initial process. Purpose: To determine the sensitivity of peripheral blood lymphocytes to adrenaline and acetylcholine in patients with primary and recurrent uveitis at different phases of the disease. Material and Methods: One hundred patients with idiopathic posterior uveitis were examined at different phases of the disease. The control group was composed of 16 healthy individuals of a similar age. The specific sensitivity of lymphocytes to neuromediators, adrenaline and acetylcholine (expression of T cell adrenergic and acetylcholine receptors) was assessed using our complex methodology (in conjunction with a parallel sampling method) for assessing the individual's sensitivity to medicaments (biological regulators) which has been developed at Immunology laboratory, Filatov Institute of Eye Disease and Tissue Therapy. The method involves obtaining lymphocytes from an individual, culturing lymphocytes with examined drugs immunohistochemically, and use of a peroxidase anti-peroxidase method with monoclonal T-cell antibodies. Results: Absolute and relative adrenoreceptor and acetylcholine receptor expression levels in patients with posterior uveitis were 1.8-2.0 times and 1.6-2.4 times, respectively, higher in patients with posterior uveitis compared to controls. Absolute adrenoreceptor and acetylcholine receptor expression values were 12.6% and 31.7%, respectively, higher in the recurrent process during active inflammation compared to the period of remission. However, in patients with posterior uveitis, adrenoreceptor and acetylcholine receptor expression values in the period of remission were still higher than normal values. The odds of an increased relative adrenoreceptor expression and the odds of an increased relative acetylcholine receptor expression on peripheral blood lymphocytes were 67.5-fold higher and 23.6-fold higher, respectively, among patients with posterior uveitis compared to controls. The correlation of adrenoreceptor expression and acetylcholine receptor expression with absolute counts of T cells and T helpers was stronger than the correlation with B cells, which reflects to a larger extent the association with the cellular immunity and to a lesser extent the association with the humoral immunity. There was a moderate correlation of adrenoreceptor expression and acetylcholine receptor expression with cell subsets of markers of early lymphocyte activation CD5, autoimmune aggression CD25, intercellular adhesion CD54 and apoptosis CD95 (Fas/APO-1). Conclusion:The adrenoreceptor expression and acetylcholine receptor expression on peripheral bl...

Background: Dry eye disease (DED) is a disorder of the anterior segment of the eye which is common in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). It has been reported that symptoms of DED were observed in 60-70% of patients with T2DM. Given that inflammation has a key role in the progression of both T2DM and DED, we believe it is reasonable to study the role of neutrophils in this process. Purpose: To assess the percentage expression of CD15, a neutrophil activation marker, in the peripheral blood of patients with both DED and T2DM. Material and Methods: Forty-six patients (92 eyes; mean age, 54.0 ± 8.0 years) with both DED and T2DM were included in this study. There were 19 (40%) women and 27 (60 %) men. Mean diabetes duration was 8.0 ± 6.6 years. All patients had wellcompensated diabetes. In addition to a routine examination of the eye, Schirmer I test and tear film break-up time (TBUT) test, they had their corneal fluorescein staining (CFS) scored using the Oxford schema, severities of dry eye graded according to the DEWS II classification and Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) obtained. An immunohistocytochemical study was employed to assess the expression of CD15, a neutrophil activation marker, in peripheral blood cells of patients. Results: The mean percentage expression of CD15, a neutrophil activation marker, in the peripheral blood, was 46.7% for 14 patients with T2DM plus DED and punctuate keratopathy, and 28.5% for 32 patients with T2DM plus DED and intact cornea (р=0.0001). There was a mild negative correlation between the expression of CD15 and the Schirmer score (r = -0.32; р = 0.032), and between the former and the TBUT score (r = -0.34; р = 0.019).

Study Design: Multicenter observational survey study. Objectives: To quantify and compare the inter- and intraobserver reliability of Allen-Fergusson (A-F), Harris, Argenson, and AOSpine (AOS) classifications for cervical spine injuries, in a multicentric survey of neurosurgeons with different levels of experience. Methods: We used data of 64 consecutive patients. Totally, 37 surgeons (from 7 centers), were included in the study. The initial assessment was returned by 36 raters. The second assessment performed after 1.5 months included 24 raters. Results: We received 15 111 answers for 3840 evaluations. Raters reached a fair general agreement of the A-F scale, while the experienced group achieved κ = 0.39. While all groups showed moderate interrater reliability for primary assessment of Harris scale (κ = 0.44), the κ value for experts decreased from 0.58 to 0.49. The Argenson scale demonstrated moderate and substantial agreement among all raters (κ = 0.47 and κ = 0.55, respectively). The AOS scheme primary assessment general kappa value for all types of injuries and across all raters was 0.49, reaching substantial agreement among experts (κ = 0.62) with moderate agreement across beginner and intermediate groups (κ = 0.48 and κ = 0.44, respectively). The second assessment general agreement kappa value reached 0.56. Conclusions: We found the highest values of interobserver agreement and reproducibility among surgeons with different levels of experience with Argenson and AOSpine classifications. The AOSpine scale additionally incorporated more detailed description of compression injuries and facet-joint fractures. Agreement levels reached for Allen-Fergusson and Harris scales were fair and moderate, respectively, indicating difficulty of their application in clinical practice, especially by junior specialists.

Immunological abnormalities are implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases of the uveal tract. Investigation of the molecular mechanisms of various forms of endogenous uveitis from the standpoint of current immunology seems to be relevant from the theoretical and practical standpoints. This will provide a direction for further research on the development of pathogenetically grounded methods of treatment of uveitis. Purpose: to assess the expression levels of lymphocyte activation markers, intercellular adhesion marker (ICAM)-1 CD54, СD95 (FAS), and СD5, and neutrophil activation marker CD15, in the peripheral blood of patients with intermediate uveitis and healthy individuals.Material and Methods: Blood samples were taken from 14 patients (mean age, 34.0 ± 11.0 years) with intermediate uveitis before treatment and 26 practically healthy individuals (mean age, 36.0 ± 10.0 years). An immunohistocytochemical study using monoclonal antibodies was employed to assess the expression. Results: Expression of cell surface molecular markers on peripheral blood lymphocytes was significantly higher in patients with intermediate uveitis compared with controls.

Change in structural and functional properties of red cell membrane proteins in patients with the essential arterial hypertension (EAH) can promote development of significant dysfunction of these cells and can complicate the course of a system hypoxia in this category of patients. The aim of our research was to determine the interrelation between red cell sphericity and the level of proteins of their membrane in patients with EAH complicated and non-complicated with metabolic syndrome (MS Conclusion. We determined structural and functional disorders in interrelations of such membrane proteins as α-spektrin, ATP and GAPDH (in patients with EAH complicated with MS), and ATP, GAPDH and actin (in patients with EAH non-complicated with MS) which promote development of acquired spherocytosis and further impairments in microcirculation and gaseous metabolism in tissues. Key words: proteins, red-cell membrane, diameter-thickness ratio, metabolic syndrome, arterial hypertension ВВЕДЕНИЕВ медицинской литературе имеется значительное количество публикаций, посвящённых роли биомем-бран в формировании различных заболеваний [1]. Структурные изменения мембран эритроцитов при развитии патологических процессов играют решаю-щую роль в реализации функциональной активности клеток [7]. В проведённых ранее исследованиях было показано, что одной из ведущих причин возникнове-ния эссенциальной артериальной гипертензии (ЭАГ) является изменение структурных свойств белковых компонентов мембраны эритроцитов. Также уста-новлено, что изменение взаимоотношений белков мембраны эритроцитов при ЭАГ способно оказывать влияние на формирование и развитие сфероцитар-ных клеток [6]. Такого рода эритроциты в силу своих слабых деформационных свойств становятся менее доступными обменным сосудам для осуществления эффективного газообмена, что является дополнитель-ным фактором ухудшения гипоксического синдрома при сердечно-сосудистой патологии [4, 5, 6]. Известно, что при метаболическом синдроме (МС), составной частью которого является ЭАГ, развиваются наруше-ния метаболизма на мембранном уровне [2,3]. Тем не менее, в литературе имеются немногочисленные данные об особенностях изменения структурно-функ-циональных свойств белков мембраны эритроцитов у больных ЭАГ, осложнённой и не осложнённой МС.В связи с этим целью нашего исследования яви-лось установление взаимосвязи между сферичностью эритроцитов, уровнем белков их мембраны и основными биохимическими и гемостазиологическими у больных эссенциальной артериальной гипертензией, осложнён-ной и не осложнённой метаболическим синдромом. МАТЕРИАЛ И МЕТОДЫВ рамках данной работы был обследован 51 муж-чина в возрасте от 28 до 60 лет (средний возраст -42 ± 1,5 года) с ЭАГ I и II степени. Диагноз устанавли-вался по данным анамнеза и клинико-инструменталь-ного обследования. Критериями исключения больных являлись: наличие стенокардии напряжения; наличие