PurposeThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential benefits of intravitreal aflibercept injections for the treatment of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) secondary to chorioretinitis.MethodsIn this uncontrolled, prospective cohort study, 15 eyes of 14 consecutive patients affected by CNV associated with ocular toxoplasmosis were treated with intravitreal aflibercept (2 mg) pro re nata and observed over a 12-month follow-up period. The primary outcome was the change in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) from baseline to month 12. Secondary outcomes included change in central retinal thickness (CRT) in the foveal area on optical coherence tomography (OCT) from baseline to month 12, the number of intravitreal aflibercept injections administered, and safety.ResultsMean (standard deviation [SD]) BCVA improved significantly from 0.36 (0.23) at baseline to 0.64 (0.3) at month 12 (P=0.0002). Mean (SD) CRT on OCT showed a reduction from 317 (74) µm at baseline to 254 (43) µm (P=0.0002) at month 12. A mean (SD) of 1.7 (0.5) injections (range, 1–2 injections) were performed during the study period. No cases of endophthalmitis, uveitis, stroke, or retinal detachment were noted. No patient demonstrated an intraocular pressure >20 mmHg at any study visit.ConclusionIntravitreal aflibercept showed a positive clinical effect and was well tolerated for the treatment of CNV associated with chorioretinitis. The results could be helpful for selecting a treatment for CNV secondary to chorioretinitis.

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The aim of our research was basis of the analysis and research of the current state and trends of emergence and development of crisis situations syndromes to identify their general and specific features inherent in specific crisis situations syndromes at the place where they occurred, factors that influenced their formation and the manifestations they characterized by. Materials and methods - analysis and systematization of data on the complex impact of stress factors and other manifestations of crisis situations on subjects who find themselves in a zone of military conflict / man-made or natural disaster; formulation of new concepts, strategies and tactics for work in crisis situations. Results. Common and specific features of the known syndromes of wars are found. It is proved that, by common characteristics, all syndromes of wars can be combined into a single basic category - crisis situations syndrome, which is divided by specific features into specific crisis situations syndromes at the place where they occurred, under what factors they were formed and the manifestations they characterize. A classification of post-traumatic stress disorders as a component of crisis situations syndromes by the mechanisms of their formation and a model of their formation are provided. Definitions are formulated; crisis syndrome and hybrid war syndrome are described. A working table has been developed for analysts for the differential diagnostic of “Crisis Situation Syndromes”. Conclusions. The technology of objective diagnostic, treatment and prevention of PTSD (post-traumatic stress disorder) and hybrid war syndrome is proposed, which includes the identification of possible etiological factors affecting the formation of crisis states syndromes with differentiation of impact factors, the actual identification with the formation of a differentiated approach to treatment, and prevention development of "coaching" techniques. The technology is based on a comprehensive psychological and ophthalmologic examination. It has been established that the “hybrid war syndrome” is formed both among combatants and non-combatants, for the first time in it the cognitive defeat, both of individual subjects and social groups is fully manifested. In addition, for the first time, in relation to other crisis syndromes, there are social group symptoms, the formation of migratory symptoms, the formation of specific PTSDs, etc.

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