To study the effect of the genotype of the parents and of parameters of microclimate on the productivity of dairy cattle. Methods. Analysis of experimental studies on the application of effective methods of selection, the study of the environment, assessment of productive qualities of animals for growing in various types of buildings. Results. The formation of the genetic potential of dairy breeds was made according to the breeding value of pedigree bulls. The share of influence of the bull based on «hope» is 16.4-34.5%, and on the fat content in the milk-15.3-20.1% (P<0.001). One of the many factors influencing the productivity of agricultural animals is the parameter of the microclimate in the building where they are kept. In the cold period of the year the most problematic in terms of comfort there are periods of prolonged cold. In loose housing of cows, the decrease of milk yield because of frosts reached 1.5 kg per day. The strength of the influence of the temperature and the velocity of the air in the general phenotypical variability in the level of milk yield and yield of milk fat over the lactation into account respectively made 33.6 (P<0.001), 29.4 (P<0.05), 35.3 (P<0.001), and 28.3% (P<0.05) respectively. It is established that to improve the profitability of livestock breeding the microclimate in the building requires significant improvements in the winter-summer period of the year at the natural ventilation system. Conclusions. Quantitative and qualitative indicators of milk productivity of cows of native breeds are determined by breeding value and linear membership of bulls, used for the reproduction of breeding stock. A favorable climate should be considered as an important factor of the realization of genetic potentialities of dairy cattle at pure breeding.
ПРОБЛЕМИ СТАТЕВОЇ ЦИКЛІЧНОСТІ ТА ЗАПЛІДНЕННЯ ТЕЛИЦЬ І КОРІВ Г. С. ШАРАПА, О. В. БОЙКО Інститут розведення і генетики тварин імені М.В.Зубця НААН (Чубинське, Україна) boyko_lena@ua.fm У багаторічних дослідах на 5080 телицях і 8700 коровах молочних порід вивчали повноцінність статевих циклів і заплідненість тварин. У дослідах на 60 телицях встановлено, що середня тривалість тічки становить 49-51 год., а статевої охоти -12,3 год. при природньому паруванні телиць, 12,8 год. -при використанні бугая-пробника і 14,2 год. -при штучному осіменінні. Овуляція проходила відповідно через 10-12,3-14,9 годин після закінчення охоти, а заплідненість від першого осіменіння становила 86,3-79,0-73,7%. В умовах господарств заплідненість телиць була в межах 64,5-77,6%. Краще запліднювалися молодші за віком телиці при досягненні живої маси 350 кг. Повноцінні статеві цикли були в 83% телиць, а метрорагії виявлені в 25% тварин. У корів повноцінні статеві цикли були в 77% тварин, а заплідненість від першого осіменіння становила 48-61%. Метрорагія зафіксована в 29% корів з гіпофункціональними процесами в матці та яєчниках. Ключові слова: телиця, корова, порода, осіменіння, статевий цикл, запліднення, яєчник, гіпофункція, метрорагія PROBLEMS OF SEXUAL CYCLICITY AND FERTILIZATION OF HEIFERS AND COWS G. S. Sharapa, O. V. Boiko Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics nd. a. M.V.Zubets of NAAS (Chubynske, Ukraine)In long-term experiments on 5080 heifers and 8700 cows of dairy breeds, they studied the usefulness of sexual cycles and the fertility of animals. In experiments on 60 heifers, it was found that the average duration of heat is 49-51 hours, and of sexual hunt -12.3 hours with natural pairing of heifers, 12.8 hours -using a bull-probe and 14.2 hours -with artificial insemination. Ovulation took place 10-12.3-14.9 hours after the end of the hunt, respectively, and the fertilization rate from the first insemination was 86. 3-79.0-73.7%. Under the conditions of farms, the fertility of heifers was within 64.5-77.6%. Younger heifers fertilized better when they reached a live weight of 350 kg. 83% of heifers had full sexual cycles, and metrorrhagia was found in 25% of animals.In cows 77% of animals had complete sexual cycles and the fertilization rate from the first insemination was 48-61%. Metrorrhagia was recorded in 29% of cows with hypofunctional processes in the uterus and ovaries.
Leading researcher of the laboratory of biotechnology of reproduction of the Institute of animal breeding and genetics nd. a. M.V.Zubets of NAAS Stepan Demchuk on November 27, 2019 turned 70 years old. He was born in the village. Pripyat of Lyuboml district of Volyn region. After graduating from Shatsk secondary school he entered the Ukrainian Agricultural Academy, which he graduated in 1971 with a major in Veterinary Science. He then worked as a veterinarian for the "Chervona zirka" state farm, then as a chief veterinarian of the state farms. Comintern and "Bolshevik" Baryshevsky district of Kyiv region, and from 1976 to 1978 – in the Pereyaslav-Khmelnitsky state plant at the post of senior zootechnic breeder. From 1978 to 1994 he worked at the Ukrainian Research Institute for breeding and artificial insemination of cattle as a junior researcher. In 1994–1996 he was a leading researcher at the "Vorzel" research station. Since 1996 he has been working as a senior scientist and since 2000 – a leading researcher at the Institute of animal breeding and genetics nd. a. M.V.Zubets of NAAS. In 1997, he defended his dissertation for the Candidate of Agricultural Sciences degree on “Restoration of reproductive function in cows of Ukrainian meat breed in connection with the course of childbirth”. The scientific creativity of a scientist exceeds 100 published works in Ukraine and abroad, including books, methodical recommendations, patents and instructions on reproduction and breeding of cattle. In particular, he co-authored books on the Strategy for the Development of Meatbreeding in Ukraine in the Context of National Food Security (Kyiv, 2005), The Scientific Principles of Breeding Livestock of Meat Breeds (Kyiv, 2017), "Breeding, genetic and biotechnological methods for improving and preserving the gene pool of breeds of farm animals" (Kyiv, 2018), articles in scientific publications of Belarus, the Russian Federation, Moldova and Ukraine. For a long time, Stepan Yukhimovich has been providing advisory and practical assistance to farms, has been actively involved in the creation of high-performance dairy and beef cattle herds, in the training and retraining of livestock specialists, and has repeatedly been a judge of All-Ukrainian artificial insemination operators competitions. Under his scientific guidance, K. J. Skoryk defended his dissertation for the degree of Candidate of Agricultural Sciences on "Economic and biological features of goat breeders of foreign breeding in Ukraine". High professionalism, deep knowledge in the field of biotechnology of breeding animals, butchery, humanity, modesty and honesty have formed in the staff of the institute and scientific community of Ukraine Stepan Yukhimovich deserved authority. The staff of the institute, where the jubilee has been working for over 40 years, sincerely congratulates the dear Stepan Yukhimovich and wishes him good health, further creative success, scientific and human longevity!
1 Інститут розведення і генетики тварин імені М.В.Зубця НААН (Чубинське, Україна) 2 Інститут сільського господарства Степу НААН (Созонівка, Україна) irgt@online.ua Проаналізовано життєвий шлях і напрями наукової діяльності доктора сільськогосподарських наук, професора, члена-кореспондента Національної академії аграрних наук України Ю. П. Полупана. Узагальнено його основні здобутки з розроблення та удосконалення теорії та методології фенотипової консолідованості груп тварин, ефективності довічного використання корів, характеру успадкування господарськи корисних ознак, оцінки препотентності та племінної цінності бугаїв-плідників, раннього прогнозування племінної цінності за низкою предикторних ознак, екстер'єрної оцінки тварин. Охарактеризовано внесок у створення української червоної молочної породи великої рогатої худоби та її внутрішньопорідних селекційних формувань. Висвітлено науково-консультативну та громадську діяльність Ю. П. Полупана. Ключові слова: селекція, українська червона молочна порода, фенотипова консолідація, ефективність довічного використання, адитивний і неадитивний характер успадкування, препотентність, племінна цінність, екстер'єр DOCTOR OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES Yu. P. POLUPAN -REACHED CREATIVE PRICES AND PRIVACY OF SCIENCE
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