Інститут розведення і генетики тварин імені М. В. Зубця Національної академії аграрних наук України вул. Погребняка, 1, с. Чубинське, Бориспільський р-н., Київської обл., 08321, Україна Вирішення будь-яких питань селекції не можливе без ведення постійного моніторингу за станом господарськи-корисних ознак у спеціалізованих породах великої рогатої худоби. Крім того, реалізація генетичного потенціалу продуктивності племінних тварин реалізується у фенотипі з кожним наступним поколінням, а відповідно і оцінка кращих генотипів є першочерговим завданням, яке ставлять перед собою вчені. У 10-ти досліджених племінних стадах зі середнім рівнем надою 10 000 кг молока встановлено рівень основних (молочна продуктивність) і додаткових (жива маса, екстер'єр, відтворення) селекційних ознакю. У дев'яти областях України зазначені стада віднесені до трьох молочних порід: української чорно-та червонорябих молочних, голштинської . Чисельність тварин, залучена для моніторингу, становить 14376 голів, де найбільшу частку (60 %) займає голштинська порода. Відбір кращих маток у селекційне ядро молочних порід не перевищує 55 % (52 % … 54 %). Встановлено, що за розподілу корів за отеленнями від 85 до 95% віднесені у групу з І-ІІІ отеленнями. Хоча середній рівень надою (10663,7 кг) і живої маси (582,3 кг) корів високий, відмічено чітку диференціацію за досліджуваними ознаками як за породами, так і за якісними групами. Так корови голштинської породи мають перевагу за надоєм, української червоно-рябої молочної -за вмістом жиру і білка в молоці, української чорно-рябої -за живою масою. Різниця за надоєм корів між середнім значенням та її селекційного ядра становить 378,8 кг. Українська червоно-ряба молочна порода має найвищий вік вибуття корів -чотири отелення, тоді як корови голштинської породи лише 2,9. Серед основних причин вибуття слід зазначити низьку про-дуктивність і відтворення, за яких зі стад вибракувано від 36,5% до 62%. Ключові слова: молочна продуктивність, жива маса, відтворення, породи, відбір.

Today in Ukraine, according to the State Register of Breeding Subjects, 13 dairy cattle breeds have been registered in animal husbandry. Conventionally, they can be divided into transboundary ones, such as Ayrshire, Angler, Holstein, Simmental, Brown Swiss and Red Polish, and domestic – Ukrainian Whiteheaded, Lebedyn, Red Steppe, Ukrainian Brown Dairy, Red, Black-and-White and Red-and-White Dairy cattle. The breeding part of the dairy cattle population is 299908 breeding animals, including 129557 cows, which are concentrated in 321 breeding subjects. The share of domestic breeds is at the level of 67.9%. A tendency towards an increase in the number of animals in the population of transboundary breeds by 56724 animals was noted, with a simultaneous reduction in domestic breeds by 221980 animals. The main part of the transboundary breeds is Holstein (83%) and Simmental (11%), and in the domestic breed population, it is Ukrainian Black-and-White (71.5%) and Red-and-White (19.8%) dairy cattle. Local domestic breeds (Lebedyn, Red Steppe, Ukrainian Brown Dairy) occupy 2.8%. The level of milk yield of the studied cows of the breeding part of the population of domestic and transboundary breeds is quite high and is in the range of 7242 ... 4309 kg. During the study period, there is a gradual increase from 2002 to 2019 for the milking, fat content and the amount of milk fat in cows of a population of transboundary and domestic breeds, which is respectively 3382.1 kg 0.16%; 140.7 kg and 3052 kg 0.06%; 118.1 kg. In 2019, the highest milk yield in the population of transboundary breeds was noted among Holstein cows (8679 kg) and Brown Swiss (8789) breeds, and in domestic – Ukrainian Black-and-White (7514 kg) and Red-and-White (7005 kg) dairy breads. The fat content in milk is more than 4% in cows of local breeds of Ukraine. An analysis of the level of milk yield of cows for the studied periods showed a decrease in the number of farms with a yield of 5 thousand kg or less. So, in 2002, the share of farms breeding transboundary breeds was 70%, then in 2019 only 13%, and in domestic from 83% to 16%. The average milk yield of cows of more than 10000 kg was recorded in 17 breeding farms.

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Introduction. It is a well-known fact that agriculture and animal husbandry, in particular, are an integral part of the economy, which provides the country not only with financial deductions, but also forms the basis of food security through the production of raw materials, processing and production of food products for further consumption by the population.Research materials and methods. The purpose and objectives of the research were to monitor livestock production, where the main indicators are the total livestock, as well as its delineation by categories of farms and regions. Determine the number of animals by species, taking into account the breeding part and the natural and climatic zones of Ukraine. It is also planned to submit data on the volume of production of agricultural animal products.The number of agricultural species and the production of livestock products are presented from the annual statistical collection Animal Husbandry of Ukraine, and the breeding part is from the State Register of Breeding Subjects in Livestock Breeding for 2021.Research results. The number of animals on January 1, 2022 was 213335 thousand heads, of which 94.8% are poultry of all kinds, 2.6% pigs, 1.2% cattle, 0.7% rabbits, 0.5% sheep and goats and 0.1% horse. It should be noted that the number of cattle in enterprises is 38%, at that time –62% of the population. Accordingly, other types of farm animals have the following values: rabbits – 37.5% in enterprises and 72.5% in the population; pigs – 63.8% and 36.2%; sheep and goats – 15.3% and 84.7%; horses – 5.2% and 94.8% and poultry – 56.1% in enterprises and 43.9% in the population. The number of horses in Ukraine has the lowest value among agricultural species. As of January 1, 2022, there were 202243.1 thousand poultry in Ukraine, of which 113478.9 thousand. (56%) in enterprises and 88764.2 thousand heads (45%) in the population. Poultry was distributed by species as follows: chickens and roosters - 186623.0 thousand heads (111706.0 thousand heads (59.8%) in enterprises against 74917.0 thousand heads (40.2%) in the population); geese - 3430.4 thousand heads (57.4 thousand heads (1.7%) in enterprises against 3373.0 thousand heads (98.3%) in the population); ducks – 9959.9 thousand heads (195.8 thousand heads (1.9%) in enterprises against 9764.1 thousand heads (98.1%) in the population) and turkeys – 1510.7 thousand heads (845.0 thousand people (55.9%) in enterprises against 665.7 thousand people (44.1%) in the population). Rabbits are kept in all regions of Ukraine. As for beekeeping, in the above-mentioned period, 2686 thousand bee colonies were kept, including 37.1 thousand bee colonies or 1.4% in enterprises.3519.2 thousand heads were allocated to the active (breeding) part (except for beekeeping and fish farming), including cattle - 9.6%, pigs - 3.9%, sheep - 1.1%, horses - 0, 1%. In addition, the active part of the cattle population is divided by specialization, namely dairy and meat breeding, to which 320,000 head belong, respectively and 20.3 thousand heads. The breeding stock of the breeding part includes 188002 ewes, including: 141522 dairy cows and 8401 meat cows, 13757 main sows, 23123 ewes and 1-year-old ewes, and 1199 horses. A total of 530 breeding statuses were registered, including 377 in cattle breeding, 68 in pig breeding, 30 in sheep breeding, 39 in horse breeding and 16 in poultry breeding.The main statuses, according to the State Register of Breeding Subjects in Livestock Breeding, are breeding farms and breeders. 139 breeding farms in dairy cattle breeding and 27 statuses in meat breeding, 27 pig breeding farms, 11 sheep breeding farms, 19 horse breeding farms are registered. A significant part of the farms with the status of breeding breeders are engaged in breeding agricultural animals, namely, 187 in dairy and 24 in meat cattle breeding, 40 in pig breeding, 19 in sheep breeding, 20 in horse breeding. It should be noted that the share of the total stock in cattle breeding plants, pig breeding, sheep breeding and horse breeding is 52.5%, and in breeders, respectively, 47.5%. By breed, it is a population of 13 breeds of dairy and meat cattle, 10 breeds of pigs, 9 breeds of sheep and 10 breeds of horses, 7 crosses of chickens, 1 cross of ducks, 2 breeds of geese and 1 breed of ostriches. In addition, 20 species of fish and 2 species of bees are used. The average yield per cow in Ukraine for 2021 in all categories of farms was 5155 kg, including 6863 kg in enterprises, and 4604 kg in the population. In the breeding part of the cattle population, the amount is 8130 kg per cow.The analysis of the production of livestock products showed a wide range both in terms of the main indicators within agricultural species and in different forms of ownership. During the reporting period, 3329.8 thousand tons of agricultural animals were raised, including 2359.3 thousand tons or 71% by enterprises, and 970.5 thousand tons or 29% by households. According to the types of agricultural animals, the preference of live weight of poultry (55%), pigs (29%) and cattle (14%) was established. As of January 1, 2022, 2438.3 tons of slaughter weight of farm animal meat was produced, including 1720.4 tons, or 70%, in enterprises and 717.9 tons, or 30%, in households. As for reproduction indicators in cattle breeding, pig breeding and sheep breeding, the average yield of calves per 100 cows, piglets per 100 main sows, and lambs and kids per 100 sheep and goats in enterprises is 67 calves.8713.9 thousand tons of milk were produced in farms of all categories, including 2767.7 thousand tons in enterprises and 5946,2 thousand tons in private farms. 14071.3 million eggs were produced from poultry of all types in farms of all categories. units, including 7012.8 million units (49.8%) in enterprises and 7058.5 million units (50.2%) in households. 1497 tons of wool of all kinds were produced, including enterprises - 151 tons and households - 1346 tons. No less interesting are the indicators of the production of the main types of products per person, namely meat (in slaughter weight) - 58.9 kg, milk - 210.6 kg and eggs - 340 pieces. Conclusions. In 2021, 213335 thousand heads of agricultural animals were registered in all categories of farms, where 118661.7 thousand heads were in enterprises and 94673.3 in households. By agricultural species, they were distributed as follows: 94.8% are occupied by poultry of all types, 2.6% by pigs, 1.2% by cattle, 0.7% by rabbits, 0.5% by sheep and goats, and 0.1% by horses The allocated breeding part of the population of agricultural animals occupies 3519.2 thousand heads (except for beekeeping and fish farming), which are placed in 528 breeding statuses, in which they work on improving the productive qualities of 63 breeds, types, crosses and species. The average weight of cows in all categories of farms in Ukraine is 5155 kg, and the breeding part is 8130 kg. Enterprises milked 6863 kg of milk per cow, and the population milked 4604 kg.

The modern genealogical structure of the Ukrainian population of Holstein breed consists of 16 lines. In addition, breeding bulls of Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy cattle and Ukrainian Red-and-White dairy cattle, Jersey, Angler and Swiss breeds are used for reproduction in 5 breeding farms. The most common lines in terms of number are Starbuck 352790, Chief 1427381 and Elevation 1491007 with a total share of 71.42%. The lines of Cavalier 1620273, Astronaut 1458744, Regal 352882, Ideal 933122, Cadillac 2046246, Mett 1392858, Monfrech 91779, Ivanhoe 1189870 and Hanover 1629391 account for less than 1%. The breeding female in 12 herds does not belong to the lines.