This article is dedicated to the investigation of crystalline structure in the complex cation-anionic compounds Cu(Phen)2Cl]2[Ge(HCit)2]⋅6H2O (I), [Cu(Phen)3]2[Ge2(OH)(HTart)(μ-Tart)2]·11H2O (II), [CuCl(Phen)2]4[{Ge2(OH)2(μ-Tart)2}Cl2]·4Н2О (III), [Cu(Phen)3]2[(OH)2Ge2(μ-HXylar)4Ge2(μ-OH)2]·8H2O (IV), [CuCl(Phen)2]4[(OH)2Ge2(μ-HXylar)4Ge2(μ-OH)2]·8H2O (V) using Hirshfeld surface analysis. This method has showed itself as an effective tool for analysis of intermolecular interactions, such as hydrogen bonds or weaker C…H and С…Н…p connections. Three-dimensional picture of close interactions in the crystal was built for each of the compounds I–V, where short connections are red-colored, while others – weaker and shorter – are light areas and small spots. It was established that in the structures of all compounds different types of hydrogen bonds are presented: bifurcate connections, symmetrical О-Н…О, С-Н…С and asymmetrical ones with water molecules. Two-dimensional histograms – 2D-fingerprint plots, allowed to evaluate quantitively connections in the crystals and establish that H…O/O…H and H…H interactions make the biggest contribution to the total surface area. The presence of the big number of crystallization water molecules is determinant for the formation of complex system of hydrogen bonds and strengthening of the structure, that otherwise would be unstable because of the big size of cations and anions. Due to the fact, that all compounds have the same complexing agent Ge(IV), structure of the anion is determined by polydentate ligand. Obtained results are important for the further development of the water role in the processes of crystallization, crystal formation, electrical dissociation and, especially, dissolving of coordination compounds in biological systems.
1 Одесский национальный университет имени И.И. Мечникова, ул. Дворянская 2, Одесса, 65082, Украина 2 Научно-технологический комплекс «Институт монокристаллов» Национальной академии наук, пр. Науки 60, 61001, Харьков, Украина 3 Харьковский национальный университет им. В.Н. Каразина, пл. Свободы 4, 61072, Харьков, Украина ТРИС(ФЕНАНТРОЛИН)ЖЕЛЕЗО(II) БИС(ЦИТРАТО)-СТАННАТ(IV): СИНТЕЗ, МОЛЕКУЛЯРНАЯ И КРИСТАЛЛИЧЕСКАЯ СТРУКТУРА Разработана методика синтеза и получен новый комплекс [Fe(рhen) 3 ][Sn(HCit) 2 ]• 2H 2 O (I), где рhen -1,10-фенантролин, Н 4 Сit -лимонная кислота. Соединение охарактеризовано методами элементного анализа и ИК-спектроскопии. В результате рентгеноструктурного анализа установлено, что I представляет собой координационное соединение катион-анионного типа, в котором анионом является [Sn(HCit) 2 ] 2-, а катионом -[Fe(phen) 3 ] 2+ . В кристалле соединение [Fe(рhen) 3 ][Sn(HCit) 2 ]•2H 2 O образует слои, параллельные кристаллографической плоскости bc. Ключевые слова: олово, сульфат железа(II), лимонная кислота, 1,10-фенантролин, координационные соединения, кристаллическая структура. Благодаря своим бактерицидным и антиоксидантным свойствам, лимонная кислота способствует ускоренному обновлению клеток кожи, а также улучшает ее эластичность. При приеме внутрь в небольших дозах (например, при употреблении цитрусовых) лимонная кислота активирует цикл Кребса, что способствует ускорению метаболизма [1]. Особый интерес представляют координационные соединения на ее основе. В ходе систематических исследований нами был синтезирован ряд разнометалльных бис(цитрато)германатов(IV) [M(H 2 O) 6 ][Ge(HCit) 2 ] · 4H 2 O (M = Mg 2+ , Mn 2+ , Fe 2+ , Co 2+ , Cu 2+ , Zn 2+ ) и бис(цитрато)станнатов(IV) [M(H 2 O) 6 ][Sn(HCit) 2 ] · 4H 2 O (M = Mg 2+ , Co 2+ , Ni 2+ ) [2], которые обладают различной фармакологической активностью, в том числе противовирусной и антистафилоковой [3].Следует отметить, что в соответствии с исследованиями последних лет соединения моно-, ди-и триметилолова(IV) с карбоксилсодержащими лигандами проявляют антиканцерогенную активность по отношению к опухолевым клеткам и другие виды биоактивности [4, 5]. Поэтому синтез и изучение комплексов олова(IV) различного типа на основе лимонной кислоты является перспективным направлением координационной химии в связи с возможностью создания на их основе новых лекарственных средств.Модификация комплексов введением в их молекулы 1,10-фенантролина позволила получить разнометалльно-разнолигандные координационные соединения германия (IV) [Cu(phen) 2 Cl] 2 [Ge(HCit) 2 ]·6H 2 O [6], [M(phen) 3 ][Ge(HCit) 2 ]• nH 2 O (M = Co 2+ , Fe 2+ , Ni 2+ ) [7, 8], [М(H 2 O) 2 (phen) 2 ] 2 [Ge(Cit) 2 ]·nH 2 O (M = Co 2+ ,
The asymmetric unit of the title compound, [Co(C12H8N2)2(H2O)2]2[Ge(C6H5O7)2](NO3)2, features two complex [(C12H8N2)2(H2O)2Co]2+ cations, two NO3 − anions as well as one centrosymmetric [(C6H5O7)2Ge]2− anion. Two HCit ligands (Cit = citrate, C6H4O7) each coordinate via three different oxygen atoms (hydroxylate, α-carboxylate, β-carboxylate) to the Ge atom, forming a slightly distorted octahedron. The coordination polyhedron of the Co atom is also octahedral, formed by coordination of four nitrogen atoms from two phenanthroline molecules and two water oxygen atoms. In the crystal, the cations and anions are linked by hydrogen bonds and form layers parallel to the bc plane. The structure exhibits disorder of the NO3 − anion [disorder ratio 0.688 (9) to 0.312 (9)]. There are also highly disordered solvent molecules (presumably water and/or ethanol) in the crystal structure; explicit refinement of these molecules was not possible, and the content of the voids was instead taken into account using reverse Fourier transform methods [SQUEEZE procedure in PLATON; Spek (2015). Acta Cryst. C71, 9–18]. The given chemical formula and other crystal data do not take into account the unknown solvent molecule(s).
Intermolecular interactions in the coordination compounds of cation-anionic type [Ni(phen)3][Ge(HCit)2]·2H2O (I), [Co(phen)3][Ge(HCit)2]⋅2H2O (II), [Co(H2O)2(phen)2]2[Ge(Cit)2]·4H2O (III) were characterized using Hirshfeld surface analysis. It was established that the biggest contribution in the Hirshfeld surface of anions have been made by the bonds H … В / О …Н (57,8 % (I), 59,6 % (II), 63,9 % (III)), H … H (28,2 % (I), 24,9 % (II), 31,4 % (III)). At the same time interactions C … H / Н … С are less significant (9,6 %, 11,2 % and 3,2 % for I, II, III, respectively). The calculated percentage contribution of different intermolecular interactions of cations in the crystals showed, that, unlike the anions, contacts H … Н (37,9 % (IА), 38,6 % (IB), 36,2 % (IIА и IIB), 38,8 % (III)) play dominating role, while contribution of H … В / О … Н is less (26,5 % (IA and IB), 28,3 % (IIA), 24,5 % (IIB), 26 2 % (III)). Furthermore, interactions C … H / Н … С are more significant than in anions (24,8 % (IА), 27,2 % (IB), 25,6 % (IIА), 26,2 % (IIB), 21,3 % (III). It is typical for cations to have С …С bonds (5,5 % in average) that give contribution less then 1 %. It was determined that voids volume in the crystals of compounds I–III is 751,74 (I), 778,21 (II) and 423,23 (III) Å3 and surface area is 1772,28 (I), 1821,36 (II) and 628,38 (III) Å2. The total volume of the voids (15 % in I, 15,7 %, in II, 22,4 % in III) testifies the lack of big cavities in the frames of the studied compounds. Thereby analysis of intermolecular interactions with the help of Hirshfeld surface analysis showed the dominating role of hydrogen bonds H … O / O …H and contacts H … H, and minor contribution of C … H / H … C and С … С bonds for all studied compounds. The absence of p-p stacking interactions between aromatic rings of 1,10-phenanthroline in the cations of complexes I–III was also pointed out.
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