Data on the role of ensuring and maintaining comfortable hygienic parameters, sanitary regimes and technological methods aimed at realizing the genetic productive potential, reducing morbidity and safety, as well as increasing the resistance of the pig's organism under conditions of their intensive use in industrial complexes was summarized in this article. We emphasized that under the conditions of pig breeding, the genetic productive potential is practically realized only by 40 %, due to non-observance of the hygiene condition of keeping and technology of growing. We are talking about the genotypes of domestic breeding pigs, which are actively replaced by breeds of foreign companies, while, under equal conditions, they are not inferior to those imported from abroad, neither in terms of productive qualities, nor in terms of reproductive and adaptive abilities.It has been shown that the air temperature has the greatest effect on the animals' health among all abiotic factors, especially on sucker piglets, at a temperature of + 12 ° C and a humidity of 80% and above, as well as when the air is contaminated with microflora over 100 thousand CFU/m 3 we diagnosed hypoglycemia. In addition, pig breeding farms are unsafe in sanitary and environmental terms.Aerostases (stagnant zones) often registered in pigs ' farm, due to unregulated ventilation, 25-30 % in 2-row and up to 35-40 % in 4-row barn. The average daily gains decrease by 7-12 %, the milk production decreases by 10-13 % due to the lack of free access of pigs to water. Success in pig breeding is ensured by replacement young animals raised on their own farm, and not imported from other countries.Attention should be focused on prevention of early weaning of piglets (live weight not less than 7 kg at 24-28 days of age), regrouping, movement, which leads to the manifestation of stress, diarrhea, growth depression. Prevention of respiratory diseases is based on strict sanitation, adherence to the principle "everything is empty -everything is busy" and maintaining sanitary breaks. According to our research in a number of pig breeding farms more than 23% of sows are prematurely culled after 2-3 farrowings due to, infertility, limb diseases.
The results of studying the influence of structural changes in the kidneys on their filtration in cats with polycystic kidney disease are given. The study was conducted on 10 domestic cats, which were divided into two experimental groups based on the results of creatinine determination according to the IRIS (International Renal Interest Society) classification – 5 animals with moderate renal azotemia (group 1) and 5 animals with severe renal azotemia (group 2). Ultrasound examination of the kidneys of cats in both groups was performed using a Mindray device with a microconvection transducer with a frequency of 7.5–10 MHz in B-mode. Both kidneys were examined in each animal. Scanning was performed in the sagittal plane so that the kidney gate was visible. The length, width of the kidney, and thickness of the cortical layer, as well as the number of cysts and their diameter, were counted. The renal area (RA), cyst area (CA), and the ratio of cyst area to renal area (RA/Cyst) were calculated. According to the results of the study of serum creatinine and urea content, the animals were divided into two groups depending on the level of azotemia. 5 cats with stage III chronic renal failure (CRF), serum creatinine levels were 326.40 ± 23.59 μmol/l, and 5 animals with stage IV chronic renal failure serum creatinine – 887.00 ± 61.81 µmol/l, which is 2.7 times higher (P ≤ 0.001) than the creatinine level in cats with stage III CKD. The urea content in the serum was significantly increased compared to the norm and amounted to 22.82 ± 2.09 mol/l in cats with stage III CKD and 42.45 ± 1.05 mol/l in cats with stage IV CKD, which was 2.2 times higher (P ≤ 0.01) compared to stage III. In animals with polycystic kidney disease and stage IV chronic renal failure according to the results of ultrasound examination an increase in the length of the kidney by 6.5 mm (p≤0.001) and a thickening of the cortical layer by 0.8 mm (P ≤ 0.01) was revealed, compared to animals with polycystic kidney disease and stage III chronic renal failure. There was no correlation between the area of cysts in the kidneys and the level of creatinine in the blood serum of animals. Ultrasound signs of chronic renal failure in cats of stage III are enlargement of the kidney in the length of more than 51 mm and cortical thickness of more than 5.5 mm, of stage IV is an increase in kidney length of more than 59 mm and cortical thickness of more than 6.0 mm. According to the results of ultrasonography, the number of cysts or their area cannot be used to assess the degree of renal functional failure.
Diseases of metabolism, in particular mineral and vitamin, are widespread among animals of various species, and lead to significant economic loses as a result of decrease in productivity.The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of veterinary drug «Forvit solution of vitamins A, D, E, F in oil for injection» in the complex treatment of cows with osteodystrophy.The object of the study was 8 black-and-white cows at the age of 4-6 years, with clinical signs of osteodystrophy.The diagnosis was made in a complex base; we took into account anamnestic data, clinical symptoms and laboratory tests of blood serum. Clinical studies of cows were carried out according to the generally accepted methods. After confirming the diagnosis, the animals were prescribed complex treatment. We gave 100 g of Tricalciumphosphate with grain every cow once a day during 25 days and injected intramuscularly 15 ml of «Forvit solution of vitamins A, D, E, F in oil for injection» once every 5 days, a total -5 injections.Inorganic phosphorus -by the spectrophotometric method; calcium (total and ionized) -using the AEK-01 electrolyte analyzer; alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity according to the Bodansky method; activity of alanine (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferases (AST) -by an optimized enzymatic kinetic method (a set of reagents from Vital Diagnostics SPb); protein -by biuret reaction; cholesterol -by the Endrashik method; urea and creatinine -by the kinetic method were determined in blood serum. Mathematical processing was carried out using the Fisher-Student T-test and the standard "Statistics" package in the EXCEL program.The cause of osteodystrophy in cows was a lack of calcium (30,4 %), phosphorus (30,3%) and vitamin D (86,5 %) in the diet. Clinically, the disease was manifested by unsteadiness of the incisors, resorption of the last caudal vertebrae, and partial lysis of the last pair of ribs. Concentration of calcium and phosphorus in blood serum of cows with osteodystrophy was reduced by 11,5 % and 11,1 %, respectively, and activity of alkaline phosphatase was increased by 47,2% compared with the norm.Concentration of calcium increased by 6,9 %, and activity of alkaline phosphatase decreased by 47,4 % in blood serum of cows after using «Forvit solution of vitamins A, D, E, F in oil for injection» and Tricalciumphosphate.
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