Проведено опрацювання окремих НПА з земельного й лісового господарства, принципів організаційно господарського управління при лісовпорядкуванні. Визначено склад і якість НПА галузевого лісівництва, їхнє недоречне й багатослівне ускладнення описового змісту, ігнорування визначення землі (грунтів) за типами лісорослинних умов місцезростання і кла сами бонітету, гальмують впровадження в державному лісівництві ринкових принципів економіки. Встановлено при цьому певні їхні недоліки в складі НПА, а також запропоновано шляхи удосконалення господарювання, у т.ч. в напрямі інтенси фікації лісогосподарського виробництва через підвищення раціональності землекористування за принципами ринкової еко номіки. Запропоновано визначення основоположних термінів щодо землекористування "землі сільськогосподарського при значення" та "землі лісогосподарського призначення" у складі Земельного кодексу України.Обгрунтовано, що у земельному законодавстві України опис облікової категорії землекористування "Землі лісогоспо дарського призначення" (ст. 55) не узгоджується з описом категорії "Землі сільськогосподарського призначення" (ст. 22), що, практично, виокремлює землі лісогосподарського призначення зі сфери аграрного виробництва, за економічним змістом не відповідає нормам Земельної реформи, здійснюваної в Україні з метою переходу на засади ринкової економіки, а також узгодження зі ССКЗ ЄЕК/ФАО ООН. Установлено, що зміст земель сільськогосподарського призначення, а саме: "Землями лісогосподарського призначення визнаються землі, юридично надані для виробництва лісогосподарської продукції, вико ристання супутньої лісівництву продукції й послуг, здійснення лісогосподарського виробництва на засадах ринкової еконо міки, науково дослідної та навчальної діяльності, розміщення необхідної виробничої інфраструктури, у тому числі об'єктів лісопромислового призначення, інфраструктури гуртових ринків лісогосподарської продукції, або призначені для цих цілей".Доведено, що в українському державному лісівництві питання ідентифікації продуктивного використання земельних ресурсів у науковому спрямуванні належно не вирішені. Саме вони передбачали забезпечення ідентифікації суб'єктів земле користування замість знеособленого ДУЛ, переведеного на управління лісовими ресурсами. Адже показник "Раціональне використання та охорона земель" так і залишається поза увагою з боку адміністративного й наукового менеджменту галузі. Розроблені пропозиції щодо схеми обліку земельних ресурсів за ССКЗ ЄЕК\ФАО ООН з урахуванням відомого принципу "Acquis communautaire".

The research aimed to estimate the intensity of the impact of some environmental factors on the seasonal development of apical bark beetle (Ips acuminatus) in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) stands in the conditions of Ukrainian Polissya, as well as to evaluate the extent and dynamics of infestation of forest ecosystems. According to the results of the classification of the obtained satellite images, the dynamics of the area and number of tree mortality foci of P. sylvestris per quadrant was determined, which enabled us to create appropriate maps by the area of infestation and its propagation rate. In 2018, there was an intensive increase in the area affected by apical bark beetles compared to 2017. Whereas in 2019 the expansion of the affected areas compared to the previous 2018 slowed down significantly. Approximation of experimental data revealed the presence of a logarithmically normal distribution for the infestation area, and, consequently, the size of the pest population. The Principal Component Analysis revealed that in the studied area the most important factor influencing the population dynamics of ipid bark beetle and, accordingly, the intensity of its invasion, were weather and climatic conditions. Characteristics of the stand had little effect. It was established that favourable climatic conditions led to the fact that in the territory of Ukrainian Polissya I. acuminatus develops in more than two generations per year, and also slightly changed the attack strategy, namely the rate of damage and selectivity. An assumption on the further forming of favourable conditions for the proliferation of I. acuminatus, the emergence of new, not previously characteristic of the pest features of seasonal development and, consequently, the insect invasion on stands of P. sylvestris was made.

The sanitary condition of milking equipment and dairy equipment is one of the main factors on which the quality and, primarily, the safety of the obtained products depend. According to the approved requirements, means for the sanitary treatment of milking equipment must have a broad antimicrobial spectrum, high bactericidal activity both in the absence and presence of organic substances and water hardness salts, destroy microorganisms that can form a biofilm, and are present in it, not cause an irritating effect on the skin of the hands, be non-toxic or low-toxic, etc. Therefore, to establish the disinfectant's compliance with the specified requirements, even at the stage of its development, it is envisaged to carry out toxicological studies aimed at determining toxicity, side effects, and the ability to accumulate in the body. Our work aimed to establish the toxicity parameters of the developed acidic detergent-disinfectant with polyhexamethyleneguanidine intended for the sanitary-hygienic treatment of milking equipment and dairy equipment. Indicators of acute toxicity of the developed disinfectant were determined in preliminary and extensive experiments. In a preliminary experiment, it was established that the administration of the native remedy to rats at a dose of 500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg of body weight did not cause their death, while at a dose of 5000 mg/kg of body weight, it caused the death of the animals. In an acute experiment, it was established that the studied detergent-disinfectant based on orthophosphate acid with polyhexamethyleneguanidine at a dose of 2000 mg/kg of body weight did not cause the death of rats, while at a dose of 2500 mg/kg of body weight, it caused the death of 1 animal, at a dose of 3000 mg/kg – 2 animals, and in doses of 3500, 4000 and 4500 mg/kg of body weight – 4, 5 and 6 animals, respectively. Examining the acute toxicity of a 0.5 % solution of the studied disinfectant in doses of 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, and 5000 mg/kg of body weight in a focused experiment and 5000 and 10000 mg/kg of body weight in an extended experiment, it was established that there were no dead or sick rats. It has been proven that, according to SOU 85.2-37-736:2011, the substance under study belongs to the IV toxicity class, which combines low-toxic substances, since its DL50 in its native form for white rats with intragastric administration is more than 3250 mg/kg of body weight, and 0.5 % solution – more than 10,000 mg/kg of body weight. In its native form, the developed disinfectant causes slight irritation of the skin and mucous membrane of the eyes of rabbits. At a concentration of 0.5 %, it has no irritating effect. The tool does not accumulate in the body, has no resorptive effect, and does not cause probable changes in the mass of internal organs. With long-term intragastric administration, it causes an increase in the number of leukocytes, hemoglobin and total protein, ALT, and AST activity (P < 0.001) and a decrease in the number of lymphocytes, monocytes, lipids and triglycerides, hematocrit value, alkaline phosphatase activity, lysozyme, and bactericidal activity.

The effect of pyridoxine hydrochloride on the body mass of animals, absolute and average daily increment, relative growth rate, growth factor of live weight and multiplicity of increase in live weight of calves in the early stages of postnatal ontogenesis were studied. For the experiment, six groups of one-day calves (control and five experimental) were formed, with 5 animals in each, which, in addition to the main diet (MD), fed pyridoxine hydrochloride in different doses, according to the scheme: control group – MD, I experimental group – MD + 1 mg/kg g. m pyridoxine hydrochloride, II – MD + 2 mg/kg g. m of the preparation, ІІІ – MD + 3 mg/kg of w. m., IV – MD + 4 mg/kg g. m and V experimental group – MD + 5 mg/kg g. m pyridoxine hydrochloride. Conditionally, the research was divided into four periods: colostrum – from birth and up to 5 days, until the formation of digestion – from 5 to 21 days, the period of the formation of digestion scar – from 21 to 60 days and the end of the milk period – from 60 to 90 days. It was established that feeding to calves with pyridoxine hydrochloride resulted in an increase in the live weight of 60 days of calves by 5.9% in the second group (P < 0.05), by 8.7% in the third group, by 8.3% in IV and 9.2% in V groups (P < 0.001) and for 90 days it was higher by 9.3%, 9.1%, 9.2% and 9.1% respectively (P < 0.05). The highest average daily increments were in the colostrum period in calves IV and V groups, which were added to the main diet, respectively, 4 and 5 mg/kg b.w. pyridoxine hydrochloride, in the period prior to the formation of digestion scar in calves of group IV, in the period of the formation of digestion scar in calves of the III group and at the end of the milking period in calves of group V. Absolute incresements of calves in the colostrum period and the period prior to the formation of digestion scar were the highest in calves of Group IV and the difference in control was respectively 0.34 and 1.05 kg. During the period of the digestion scar formation and the end of the milk period, the highest absolute increases were in calves of group V, which was added to the main ration of 5 mg/kg b.w. pyridoxine hydrochloride. The highest increase in body weight of calves in colostric period and prior to the operation scar rate was in group IV, the period of digestion scar formation was in the third group and during the completion period of milk in the second group of calves. In colostric period the increase of live weight was higher in calves III, IV and V groups of 5 to 21 days in calves of group IV, from 21 to 60 days in the third group and during the completion period of milk in the second group of calves.

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