The mobilisation of resources determines the investment activity of banks for investment purposes. It is an important direction of development of the country’s economy, which emphasises the relevance of the study. The purpose of the article is to determine the investment potential of banks and their investment targets. The current state of the investment portfolio of banks was assessed using quantitative, comparative, structural and factor methods. The logic of the study allowed us to evaluate the activity of banks in the securities market and identify the acute problem of market capture by large banks. As a result, competition with other banks does not develop and the monopoly of Moscow banks increases. The authors analysed the quality of the bank’s investment portfolio by evaluating the volume and structure of attracted resources and identifying their risk level. A systematic and comprehensive approach to the analysis of investment activities of banks allowed the authors to make several recommendations for its improvement, which determines the scientific and practical significance of the study

Стабильное развитие банковского сектора находится в тесной взаимосвязи с межбанковской конкуренцией. Предметом исследования выступает совершенствование межбанковской конкуренции, способствующее улучшению стандартов качества услуг, уменьшению издержек и цен, расширению продуктовой линейки, санации рынка от слабых и недобросовестных участников. Цель исследования -формирование рекомендаций по улучшению межбанковской конкуренции для обеспечения устойчивости банковского сектора страны. Использованы аналитические методы: анализ, синтез, сравнение, графический метод. На основе изучения теоретических аспектов тематики авторы формулируют свое понятие межбанковской конкуренции как процесса функционирования банков в конкурентной среде за привлекательные источники аккумулирования ресурсов и их размещение с учетом принципа клиентоориентированности и с целью обеспечения своей устойчивости на банковском рынке. Практический анализ опирается на статистические данные Банка России и отражает неравномерное распределение банков по территории страны при доминировании банков с государственным участием. Системный и комплексный подходы исследования позволили выявить основные тенденции межбанковской конкуренции: монополизация, централизация, концентрация капитала, федерализация, глобализация. Авторы делают вывод, что значительное снижение количества банков на фоне увеличения концентрации активов государственных банков ограничивает межбанковскую конкуренцию. Депозитный и кредитный рынки страны характеризуются доминированием крупнейших банков с государственным участием. При этом индекс Херфиндаля-Хиршмана демонстрирует достаточное значение кредитных организаций на рынке, на конкурентоспособность которых также оказывают влияние и зарубежные банки. Авторами предложены мероприятия, направленные на усиление межбанковской конкуренции: снижение степени государственного участия в формировании капитала банков путем установления норматива допустимого участия государства в уставном капитале кредитных организаций; установление равноправных «правил игры» для всех участников банковского рынка и исключение привилегий государства; развитие региональных мелких и средних банков через предоставление налоговых и финансовых льгот. Перспектива дальнейшего изучения тематики состоит в более детальном изучении минимизации факторов, негативно влияющих на межбанковскую конкуренцию. Ключевые слова: банки; конкуренция; банковский рынок; конкурентная среда; межбанковская конкуренция; уровень конкуренции

Banсassurance has recently appeared on the market but is developing rapidly. The subject of the study is the process of combining banks and insurance companies, which contributes to the emergence of new products, increased risk protection, improved customer service quality, and increased profitability of their business. The purpose of the research is to study the state of bancassurance at the present stage in Russia and to set goals to overcome the difficulties of developing a joint business of banks and insurance companies. The author uses the following methods: comparative, statistical, and factor analysis, identification of trends, graphical comparisons, etc. Theoretical analysis of research on this issue allowed the author to clarify the concept of “bancassurance” and group the motives of interaction and the advantages of cooperation between banks and insurance companies. The result of the practical analysis was the identification of current trends in bancassurance in the country: a decrease in the number of participants; the predominance of large institutions in the bancassurance market, concentrating a large share of assets; imposing additional services on customers, which as a result increases their debt burden. The systematic and integrated approaches of the research allowed the author to identify important problems that require a primary solution (the imposition of bancassurance products and their inflated price, high costs for the sale of products, and the presence of contradictions between the bank and the insurance company). The author concludes that systematic and complete informing to the population about the importance of bancassurance products, providing customers with their independent choice, as well as the introduction of joint business standards of banks and insurance companies using modern digital technologies will bring the Russian bancassurance market to a higher level of development. The prospect of further study of the subject is presented by the author in a more detailed study of minimizing factors that negatively affect the merger of banking and insurance businesses.

The role of investment by credit institutions, including investment lending, is increasing against the backdrop of the consequences of economic crises in the country and the world, the negative impact of the coronavirus pandemic, and a shortage of long-term resources. The most important problems in the development of investment activities in modern Russia are an acute shortage of long-term money, imperfect conditions for guaranteeing the return of resources and the presence of high risks of credit institutions from participating in the investment process. The purpose of the article is to determine the priority areas of investment activities of credit institutions. The current trend of their investment activity is assessed by the authors by quantitative, comparative, structural and factor methods. The logic of the study made it possible to assess the activity of credit institutions in the securities market. By analyzing and summarizing statistical data, the authors identified the priority tasks of the shortage of long-term resources and determined promising interaction with NPFs. The study revealed the limited long-term resources and high risks of credit institutions, which do not allow them to invest in the real sector of the economy. The authors determined the assessment of the structure of attracted resources in investments, identified the negative factors holding back investments. A systematic and comprehensive approach to the analysis of the directions of investment activity of credit institutions made it possible to make a number of recommendations for its improvement. According to the authors, it is necessary to form a comprehensive mechanism containing legislative measures to stimulate the accumulation of long-term resources, increase the volume of capital of credit institutions, and minimize the risks of investing in the real sector of the economy. The authors propose specific measures that activate investment activities, providing profitability with an increased guarantee of the return of resources and minimizing risk. Joint activities of credit institutions, financial intermediaries (NPF, insurance companies) and the state will ensure the attraction of long-term resources in the investment process, contributing to the rapid economic growth in general. This determines the scientific and practical significance of the research.

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