As a continuation of the topic of the article in the previous issue of the International Neurological Journal, which presents an analytical review of domestic and foreign studies on the syndrome of chronic cerebral venous dysfunction (SСCVD), this section discusses the classification of pathology, key issues of diagnosis and treatment. It is noted that in Ukraine and in most countries of the post-Soviet space, clinical classifications of M.Ya. Berdychevsky and A.V. Shemagonov are still used, where clinical forms, etiological factors, stages and types of the pathology were identified. In the ICD-10, venous cerebral insufficiency may correspond to the following chapters: G46, I87.8, I98, I99. Diagnosis of SCСVD, first of all, is based on a clinical assessment. Having quite characteristic general clinical symptoms, the pathology nevertheless differs in certain features of the course. Most often patients with SCСVD complain of chronic stabbing, monotonous headache, a feeling of heaviness in the head and so on. In addition, most patients have constant or intermittent noise in the head, ears, dizziness and vertigo. Additional verification methods are ultrasound examination of the vessels of the head and neck, plethysmography, magnetic resonance angiography. Since SCСVD is not an independent unit, the treatment of this pathology primarily requires the elimination of the underlying disease that provoked cerebral venous discirculation. As important preventive and curative measures, non-drug methods that reduce congestion in the body should be considered: regular physical activity, dosed exercises for the spine, various types of massage and physiotherapy, reflexology. It is important to adhere to a certain diet and quality of food. Among venotonic drugs, there are those of plant origin (flavonoids and saponins), synthetic agents, combined drugs.
The article presents an analytical review of the results of domestic and foreign studies on chronic disorders of cerebral venous circulation, which is given less attention against the arterial system due to blurred manifestations, especially early, anatomical variability of the venous system, even in healthy, difficulty in diagnosis. When the balance of arterial and venous inflow is disturbed and this state exacerbates, irreversible changes evolve other structures of the cranial cavity — primarily in the brain (consistent with the concept of Monroe-Kelly). Chronic disorders of cerebral venous circulation may have different causes and varying degrees of severity. The equivalent of chronic cerebral venous insufficiency (SCVD), terminologically accepted in our country, in some countries is considered as chronic venous cerebrospinal insufficiency, which emphasizes the pathogenetic link of disorders of cerebral venous blood flow and extracranial veins, which is, in our opinion, is logical and reasonable. Recognition of chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency has aroused intense interest for a better understanding of the role of extracranial venous pathology and developmental options. Although the diagnosis was originally based on Doppler sonography, there are currently no diagnostic imaging methods, non-invasive or invasive, that can serve as the gold standard for detecting venous abnormalities indicative of chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency. The results of some studies are discussed, in particular, the hypothesis that chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency plays a role in the pathoge-nesis of multiple sclerosis or in many concomitant clinical manifestations. The affinity of the pathogenesis of idiopathic intracranial hypertension, Ménière’s disease, spondylotic vertebrobasilar insufficiency syndrome is analyzed. Attention is also focused on the other opinion of scientists when the increase in venous blood supply to the brain and other formations in the head cavity under certain conditions is considered as a compensatory reaction. The anatomical and physiological features of the venous system of the cranial cavity are considered, which substantiate the clinical manifestations of venous dysfunction, methods of diagnosis and treatment of pathology. Summarizing the above, chronic venous blood circulation in the cranial cavity, which is largely associated with problems of extracranial venous blood flow, not only in itself is a very characteristic syndrome complex t that adversely affects neurological functions due to cerebral hypoxia and metabolic changes, deteriorates the quality of life, but also has a negative impact on the course of the disease or has a pathogenetic link with other diseases, in particular, may be accompanied by different levels of blood pressure.
Мета. Ретроспективна порівняльна оцінка клінічних результатів лікування хворих у гострий період ішемічного інсульту (інфаркту мозку) при застосуванні тромболізису та стандартної терапії для подальшої оптимізації надання медичної допомоги на різних рівнях. Матеріали та методи. Проаналізовано 90 історій хвороб пацієнтів з ішемічним інсультом. Серед усієї кількості хворих виділено дві основні групи: 1ша — хворі із стандартним лікуванням (група порівняння); 2га — пацієнти після тромболітичної терапії (альтеплазе). Проаналізовано деякі чинники, що впливали на вибір лікувальної тактики, проведено клінікоанамнестичну порівняльну оцінку результатів лікування хворих за шкалою NIHSS у гострий період ішемічного інсульту. Результати. Доведено, що після проведення тромболітичної терапії скорочуються строки перебування хворих у стаціонарі внаслідок підвищення рівня відновлення втрачених функцій, а кількість хворих, які потребують постійного стороннього догляду, в півтора рази менша, ніж при звичайному консервативному лікуванні. Висновки. Ранні госпіталізація та початок лікування позитивно впливають на відновлення функцій хворих як при проведенні тромболізису, так і при стандартному лікуванні. Аналіз перебігу захворювання, результатів лікування дає можливість визнати тромболітичну терапію ефективним і перспективним методом лікування інфаркту мозку, якісне забезпечення якого є неможливим без кваліфікованої роботи спеціалістів різних ланок медичної допомоги.
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